ON THE COMPARISON OF ASIATIC LANGUAGES. 231 
languages, as well as the derivative. It occurs in the forms 
AR and RA, as well as LA and UL, meaning to “roar” or 
“howl,” and from it are also formed the Akkadian ur for the 
dog and lion, the Semitic Avi, and the Mongol ars-lan, for 
“lion,” the latter having a termination said to mean a “ beast.” 
The lion was widely spread over the west of Asia, and in 
Greece, but was unknown in colder countries. [fit was known 
to the primitive Asiatics 1t would naturally be because their 
home was in Asia.* 
For the dog there is a widely spread tetm which comes 
from the root HAN or KAN, “to make a noise.” It is the Latin 
canis, the Greek cvwr, the Armenian shoun. In Egyptianwe have 
the word huns for some kind of dog, and in Chinese huen, for 
“dog,” which are not likely to be loan words. Butin Mongol 
speech kono, is the “ wolf,’ which becomes fomp in Finnish, 
In Semitic languages the word kelb, for “dog,” seems to be 
derived from another root which appears in the Aryan GALP, 
to “yelp.” Such as it is the evidence points rather to the 
wild than to the domestic dog. 
For the ox we have many terms which agree in being 
derived from roots meaning to “ bellow,” but it is remarkable 
that the Aryan 7aurus is apparently the same as the Semitic 
Thor, and the Mongol Shor, which it is difficult to suppose 
wasa loan word. ‘The Egyptian am, for cattle, appears to be 
the Akkadian am, for the bull, and the Tartar words for the 
ox are derived from the root ong, “to bellow.” The word 
car, for a sheep, in Semitic speech recurs in the Greek xap, 
and in the Finnie Kari; but the Mongol word is Kos or Koch. 
The former word seems to mean a “flock” or “herd,” rather 
than a special animal, and may perhaps be compared with the 
Akkadian Khar and the Egy ptian Kher, for “cattle.” The 
Semitic name for the goat is az, which resembles the Egyptian 
at, and the Aryan ais, aix, and aja. According to Delitzsch 
there i is also an Akkadian word asi, for an animal with horns, 
and another word uz, for “ goat,” is mentioned by Lenormant 
as belonging to the same language. The ass has also been 
supposed to bear the same name in Aryan, Semitic, and Tartar 
speech, the Latin asinus, Semitic athon, and Tartar esek, which 
has been compared with the Akkadian anshu. On the other 
* IT have not forgotten that the bones of men are found in the 
European caves with those of the Jion, as well as of the mammoth, 
rhinoceros, bear, horse, and reindeer, but [ doubt if man shared the cave 
with the lion, who had probably preceded him. 
