ON THE COMPARISON OF ASIATIC LANGUAGES, pasts) 
found in the Akkadian se, the Egytian su, “seed,” Mongolic 
is, and the Aryan sa, “to sow.” In addition to such indica- 
tion the old root KAR, “to enclose,” forms words for an 
enclosed field in a great number of languages, as in the 
English acre, the Akkadian agar, the Finnic aker, the 
Turkic akyer, the Sanskrit ajra, the Greek ’aypos. The 
Egyptian however is har, “a field,” and the Semitic car, “a 
pasture.” From the same root, perhaps, words for “town” 
appear to be formed as mentioned in the list appended. It 
appears not unnatural to suppose that some sort of enclosure 
is connected in these words, either with the sowing of seed 
or with the pasturing of cattle. 
The question as to the seasons and the computation of 
time is of importance, but not easily elucidated. The word 
for “cold,” from the root GAL, appears to be common to all 
the Asiatic languages, which would indicate an original 
climate at least not tropical. In the Aryan languages we 
have SNIGH as a root for words meaning “snow,” and in 
Semitic speech we have Sheleg (A5¥3), which might possibly 
be the same word. Again we have the Aryan PRUS, “to 
freeze” or be “frosty,” and the Semitic bdrad (73), “to be 
cold.” and “to hail.” Both originally signify “to pour 
down,” with reference to their atmosphetic origin. 
As regards time it is generally held that the measurement 
of the month by the moon is older than that of the year by 
the seasons. All Asiatic races have, from early times, used 
lunar months, and have called them from the moon. The 
name of the moon comes from a root to “shine,” which is 
common to Aryan, Mongol, and Semitic speech ; but the 
names for the sun are very various in the different early 
languages. ‘The words for the “year” are equally variable, 
though there would seem to be some connection between 
the Semitic Senneh, or Shanah, and the Aryan asan, 
“harvest,’—whence the Latin Annus. “the year,” according 
to Schrader. Another common root is SAR or SAL, whence 
various words for “year” are formed, such as the Zend 
Saredah, and the Turkic Sal. The meaning is apparently a 
“series,” and the root occurs also in Semitic speech with the 
same signification, forming the name of the Saros, or 
Babylonian cycle. 
Concerning dress it need only be remarked that the 
Aryan su, ‘“‘to sew,” is apparently the Finnic sove, “to 
