8 Prof. J. C. Schiodte on the Structure of 



The mandibles have two lobes. The outer lobe is continued 

 into a slender prehensile part, which is split into two or more 

 branches ; and these latter are again divided into digitiform 

 teeth ; at the base it possesses a large grinding-tooth of vary- 

 ing shape and armature. The inner lobe is very short, more or 

 less subdivided into smaller lobes and fringed, generally mem- 

 branaceous, sometimes partially or wholly chitinized in one 

 mandible and membranaceous in the other. The stem is more 

 or less developed according to whether it has to carry a palpus 

 or not. The first pair of maxillae have two slender lobes, both 

 moveable, particularly the inner one ; this latter carries on its 

 apex a number (generally four) of cylindrical, pointed, soft, 

 hairy appendages, whilst the apex of the outer lobe is armed 

 with a number of sometimes exceedingly sharply pointed, 

 sometimes perfectly blunt, sometimes spinulous thorns. The 

 second pair of maxiUa3 have from one to three lobes, of which 

 at least the two outer ones are moveable, the outermost being 

 sometimes palpiform. 



As an example of this type, which, moreover, is the best 

 known of the three, we may take a little Sphmroma which is 

 very common along the coast of Denmark, but does not seem 

 to have been sufficiently well described as yet ; perhaps it is 

 identical with Oniscus glohator, Pallas (Spic. Zool. fasc. ix. 

 p. 70, pi. 4. fig. 18). The prehensile part of the mandible is 

 split into two branches, each with three to four digitiform 

 teeth, which fit in between those of the mandible on the oppo- 

 site side (PI. I. fig. l,??i). The grinding-tooth is grooved and 

 surrounded by a fence of spines. The inner lobe is small, 

 soft, with pointed digitiform lobes, and articulates with the 

 underside of the outer lobe in a depression between the pre- 

 hensile part and the grinder. The stem of the mandible is 

 short ; its outer part contains the muscles of the palpus, whilst 

 its own flexors are inserted in its inner section. The palpus 

 is rather short and thick, but free. The stem of the first pair 

 of maxillse is divided longitudinally by a groove into two sec- 

 tions containing the muscles of the two lobes ; the inner lobe 

 (fig. 1, x) has four cylindrical, pointed, soft, hairy, membrana- 

 ceous smaller lobes, whilst the terminal spines of the outer 

 maxillary lobe are broadly truncate, some of the inner spines 

 bearing spinulge on their inner side. The second pair of 

 maxillae (fig. I,a7*) possess three short lobes, of which the 

 outer one forms a foliaceous biarticulate palpus. 



7. The second type is characteristic of Cirolange ; and as 

 illustrative examples we may take Cirolana boreah's, Lilljeb., 

 from the North Sea and the Kattegat, and a pretty little 

 active species ornamented with stars of black pigment, which 



