the Mouth in Sucking Crustacea. 28 



Maxillce posteriores fere tota3 contiguse, maxillas priores ob- 

 volventes, stipite lato fornicato, in foemina latissimo, palpo 

 nullo. Make concretas, membranacese, pulvinatge, minute 

 hamulataj, fornicate, in mare marginem interiorem palpo- 

 rum pedum maxillarium fulcientes, in foemina orificium 

 haustelli post claudentes. 



Pedes maxillares maxillas tegentes, laminati, cardine maximo 

 irregulari, mala nulla. Stipites planiusculi, in foemina ex- 

 trorsum dilatate foliacei, in mare contigui, hypostoma 

 breviusculum, medio carinatum utrinque explentes. Palpi 

 biarticulati, brevissimi, conici, depressi, apice minute lia- 

 mulati, in mare labia lateralia haustelli formantes. 



Lingua rotundata, mollis, pulvinata, nuda, fissa, lobis intror- 

 sum arete contiguis, crasse marginatis, rimam suctoriam 

 includentibus. 



14. The fulness of the vegetative life in fishes expresses 

 itself through the rich variety and size of their external para- 

 sites in comparison with the higher vertebrates. Amongst these 

 parasites the Cymothoas occupy a prominent place. Their 

 stomach (Rathke, I. c. tab. vi. figs. IQb & 17h) is so large that 

 when distended it almost fills the five last segments of the 

 trunk (corresponding to the abdomen in Insects). Its contents 

 are by the action of spirit of wine converted into a tough mass, 

 which may be cut with a knife, and under the microscope 

 shows a plentiful admixture of epithelial cells, in ^ga some- 

 times also of blood-corpuscles. This lump when dried is easily 

 taken out whole, particularly in ^go, and presents then a per- 

 fect cast of the interior of the stomach, in the shape of an oval 

 bean, with a shining smooth surface ; along the under surface a 

 groove is observed, indicating the place where the stomach has 

 pressed against the ventral cord of the nervous system ; the 

 colour is a light or dark amber, in ^ga often dark brownish 

 red. These animals have of course been well known to the 

 cod-fishing inhabitants of the north from time immemorial ; 

 and the singular fact just alluded to has given rise to curious 

 superstitions amongst the people, and not less curious mistakes 

 on the part of the naturalists of former days. Whilst the 

 fishermen regarded this "stone" as a powerful talisman, se- 

 curing to its possessor, when rightly used, the fulfilment of his 

 wishes, the medical men recommended it as an infallible 

 remedy against sea-sickness amongst other things ; and whilst 

 some naturalists thought that it took the place of the internal 

 organs altogether, others thought it to be the ovary, and O. 

 Fabricius (Fauna Groenl. p. 250, Oniscus pso7^a) thought that 

 it surrounded the intestine. 



