192 Prof. H. James-Clark on the Spongite ciliatje 



It also frequents the same habitat as Anthopliysa^ where it is 

 quite abundant, and readily recognized, when one has become 

 familiar with it, even under as low a magnifying-power as two 

 hundred diameters. The greater number of individuals are 

 found attached singly (figs. 9 and 24^) or in twos to a slender 

 peduncle [pd) ; but often three or four constitute a colony. A 

 group of these monads seated on their short pedicels (fig. ^^pcP)^ 

 and the latter arising from a nearly common point at the end 

 of a long slender peduncle (fig. S^j^d), might be designated, in 

 botanical parlance, as umbellate. Very seldom are more than 

 four or five bodies assembled in one colony; but occasionally 

 as many as eight (fig. 7) are united in a single umbel. They 

 bear the same remarkable relation to each other and to the 

 main stem {pd) that we find in AntJiojyhysa : that is to say, 

 the arcuate flagellum {Jl) of every member of the group curves 

 backwards towards the . base of the common peduncle (jkI) ; 

 and consequently the rest of the organism of each one holds a 

 corresponding position. When there are but three or four in 

 a colony, the longer axis of each monad usually diverges at an 

 angle of not more than thirty or thirty-five degrees from the 

 axis of the main stem ; but when the number is greater, the 

 divergence is also greater, and frequently amounts to seventy 

 or eighty degrees. Oftentimes it will be observed that several 

 of a group of bodies are attached in pairs (figs. 21, 22) to the 

 pedicels, instead of each being possessed of a support of its 

 own. This, as will be explained more fully under the head of 

 Jissifjfemmatton, arises from an incompleteness of the self-divi- 

 sion of which the pairs are the several resultants ; and it will 

 be noticed also that they are smaller than those which arise 

 singly from the common peduncle. 



The usual Jh7'm of the body is an oblique oval (figs. 25, 26, 

 27), which is twice as long as it is broad; but in old indivi- 

 duals which are about to undergo self-division, the shape is 

 very broadly oval (fig. 24^), and its one-sidedness is not very 

 conspicuous. The same may be said of specimens which have 

 lived for a while in stale water, and have lost nearly all their 

 yellow colour (fig. 24). Posteriorly it tapers, more or less 

 abruptly, into the pedicel (figs. 25, 26, 27, pd^); but anteriorly 

 it is slightly consti-icted (b^) a short distance behind the front, 

 and thence projects in the form of a low truncate cone (fig. 

 24^, /r). From the constriction (/>^) there projects, in direct 

 continuation of the epidermis of the body proper, a very high, 

 memhranous, campanulifh^m collar (b h^), presenting on the 

 whole an appearance as if the body were seated in the lower 

 half of a deep urceolate calyx. That this collar is not the 

 upper portion of an uiceolus, in any sense of the term, may b 



