34 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



referred to as a click, is due to the sudden opening of the closed cham- 

 ber formed between the closed glottis and the point of consonant 

 contact (compare the sound produced by the sudden withdrawal of 

 a stopper from a closed bottle) ; the hiatus generally heard between 

 a fortis and a following vowel is simply the interval of time elapsing 

 between the consonant release and the release of the glottal closure.* 

 That the fortis consonant really does involve an initial glottal catch 

 is abundantly illustrated in the author's manuscript material by such 

 writings as: 



dulu'H!ili^n = dulv't!ili^n I stuff it 



du'lH!ilin = du'lt!ilin I shall stuff it 



leme'^lcHa-uda^ =le7ne']c!ia-uda^ as they go off 

 Many facts of a phonetic and morphological character will meet us 

 later on that serve to confirm the correctness of the phonetic analysis 

 given (see §13, end; also §§ 30,4; 40,6; 40,13a, p. 113; 40,13b). Here 

 it is enough to point out that p!, t!, Tcl, ts'! are etymologically related 

 to h, d, g, s' as are *'^, "^, H, ^m, ^n to i, u, I, m, n. 



There is no tenuis or media affricative {ts — dz; ts', tc — dz', dj) corre- 

 sponding in Takelma to the fortis ts!, ts\', though it seems possible 

 that it originally existed but developed to x (cf. yegwexi they bite 

 me [upper Takelma yegwe'tci]; ts'lVxi dog [from original Hs'.'its'iP]). 

 Morphologically ts!, ts'! stand in the same relation to s, s' that p!, tl, 

 and Ic! stand in to h, d, g. For example, 

 Aorist stems : 



t!omom- kill, pHlgilg- start (war, basket), Z:-.'oZoZ- dig — are related 

 to their corresponding 

 Future stems : 



do'^m-, hvfig-, goH-, — as are the 

 Aorist stems: 



ts'!adad- mash, ts'!elel- paint — to their corresponding 

 Future stems: 



s'd^d-, s'eH- 

 Of the other consonants, only x, -'^, and s, s' call for remark, x is 

 equivalent to the cli of German dach, though generally pronounced 

 further forward (x). It frequently has a w tinge, even whien no 

 i/-vowel or diphthong precedes, particularly before i; examples are 

 Jid'px'^i CHILD and Thax^iya" (ordinarily liaxiya") in the water. -V"", 



1 Doctor Goddard writes me that an examination of tracings made on the Rousselot machine leads 

 to substantially the same phonetic interpretation of the fortes as has been given above. 



2 See Notes on the Takelma Indians of Southwestern Oregon, American Anthropologist, n. s., ix, 257. 



§ 12 



