44 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



(see § 23) the contraction product V or Yw may itself become g or 

 gv), so that all trace of the original h seems to be lost. Examples for 

 the li- sounds are: 



t'gunuVi^ {=t'gunuY + quotative -A-i^) it became warm, it is said 



nagana'^'Vi^ {= nag ana' °^^V -\-({uoi2ii\YQ -hi^; see § 22) he always 

 said, it is said 



gwen-he'Vwa^-gw- (= reduplicated lie'gw-ha^gw-) relate; with ac- 

 cent thrown forward gwen-hegwd'"^gw-an-i- (=hegw-hd'°'g'w-); 

 compare, with preserved h, gwen-hegwe'hagw-an-i tell to 



s'o'wo^Jc'op' (=s'o'wo^]c'-7iap' =*s'o'wo]c!-Jiap') he jumps (o = 

 wa; see § 9) he jumps; compare s'owo'JcIana^n I cause him to 

 jump 



Similarly, d ot V +Ti becomes t\ t! (or H') +h becomes H'; h or p' +h 

 becomes p\ p! (oT^p') +h becomes ^p' : 



gana'Vi (=ganaY + emphatic -M) of just that sort 



yo'fi (=yoY being + emphatic -Jii) alive; compare plural 



yot'i'hi 

 he^^sgu'^H'oJc'^ {= sgu'H!-haV'^) cut away; compare lie^^sgd'H'.an 



I shall cut it away 



s' and X also generally contract with A to s' and x, e. g. : 



nd^s'i'^{=nd'^^s' +-hi^) next door, it is said. 



§ 20. CONSONANTS BEFORE x 



No stopped consonant or spirant may stand before x, except p. 

 The dentals, guttural stops, and sibilants all simplify with x into 

 single sounds; the fortes (including ts!) following the example of 

 the ordinary stops and of the s, but leaving a trace in the vicarious ^. 



1. All Tc- sounds {¥, g, Jc!, ¥w, gw, Ic.'w) simply disappear before x 

 without leaving any trace of their former existence, except in so far 

 as Jc! and Iclw remain as ^; if a? is followed by a vowel, the w of the 

 labiahzed Z:-sounds unites with x to form xw. 



alxl'^xi he saw me ( =al-xl'^g-xi) ; cf. alxi'^gi^n I saw him 

 Vwa'^-xde^ I awoke ( ^Vwa'^gw-x-de^) ; cf. l¥wa/°-gwi^n I woke 



him up 

 gelgulu'xbi^n I like you ( = -gulu'gw-x-bi^n) ; cf . -gulugwa'^n I 



like him 

 hd°dini'^x (clouds) spread out on high ( =-dini'Jc!-x) ; cf . di'nilda^n 



I stretch it out 

 lu^xwa^ to trap ( =luk!'^-xa^) ; cf. lo'JcIwan I shall trap (deer) 

 yexwinY ( =yegw-xinV) he will bite me; but yexda^ ( =yegw-x-da^) 



you wall bite me 

 § 20 



