48 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



application in the subordinate form of the third person aorist \ 

 intransitive: 



ya'°'da^ when he went (cf. ya'^ he went) 

 ginl'^Vda^ when he went to (cf. gini'^V he went to) 

 yawa'ida^ when he spoke (cf . yawa'^^ he spoke) 

 loTio'ida^ when he died (cf . loho'^^ he died) 



The connectives -Tii^ it is said, and -s-i^ but, and are, in regard to 

 this process, parallel to the -da^ of the preceding forms: 



naga'ihi^ he said, it is said (cf. naga'^^ he said) 

 jiQUg-i'£ \fxiii^ so (he went) next door (cf. no'^^s' next door). 

 a'nls'i^ but not (cf. a'ni^ not) 



H's'is'i^ but no matter how (often) (cf. H's'i^ even if) 

 daVwl'^s'i^ but some (cf. daVwi'^ sometimes; -wl'^s'i^ is related to 

 -wi'^ as is yd'°'da^ to ya'^) 



§ 23. INFLUENCE OF PLACE AND KIND OF ACCENT ON MANNER 



OF ARTICULATION 



The general phonetic rule may be laid down that an aspirated surd, 

 when not immediately followed by another consonant, can, with com- 

 paratively few exceptions, be found as such medially only when the 

 accent immediately precedes, provided that no consonant (except in 

 certain circumstances I, m, and n) intervene between the accented •; 

 vowel and the aspirated surd; under other conditions it appears 

 as a media. This phonetic limitation naturally brings about a con- 

 stant interchange between the aspirated surd and the correspond- 

 ing media in morphologically identical elements. Thus we have as 

 doublets -da and -t'a, third person possessive pronoun of certain nouns : 



&gmt'a* his stick 

 se'^Zt'a^ his writing 

 wila'ufa.^ his arrow 

 ga'lVai^ his bow 

 mo't'a^ his son-in-law; but 

 da'gaxda, his head 



and numerous other nouns with -x-. This consonant in itself, as we 

 have seen, demands a following media. Another pair of doublets is 

 -de^ and -fe^, first person singular subject intransitive aorist {-de^ 

 and -fe^ to correspond in future) : 



p'ele'xade^ I go to fight ; p'elxa'Ve^ I shall go to war 

 yanVe^ I go; yana't'e^ I shall go 

 nagalVe^ I say; na't'e® I shall say 

 § 23 



