BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 49 



but: 



wits- .'ismade^ I keep moving; future wits' le'smade^ (contrast 



wits'IimVe^ I move and wisma'Ve^ I shall move) 

 Other examples of interchange are: 



sgoH'sga'i'i he cut them to pieces; sgo'H'sgidi^n I cut them to 



pieces 

 ts' lumUmV a^n I boil it, s'umVan I shall boil it (stem s'u^m-t'a-) ; 



s'omoda'^n I boil it, s'omda'n I shall boil it (evidently related 



stem s'om-d-) 

 S'as'inlpiV we stand; e^hi^lc' we are 



This phonetic rule must not be understood to mean that a media 

 can never appear under the conditions given for the occurrence of a 

 surd. The various grammatical elements involved are not all on 

 one Ime. It seems necessary to assume that some contain a surd as 

 the primary form of their consonant, while others contain an organic 

 media. The more or less mechanical changes in manner of articula- 

 tion, already treated of, have had the effect, however, of so inextri- 

 cably interlocking the aspirated surds and media* in medial and 

 final positions that it becomes difficult to tell in many cases which 

 manner of articulation should be considered the primary form of the 

 consonant. Some of the medially occurring elements with primary 

 tenuis are: 



-fa, third person possessive 



-fa, exclusive (as in Tilwa'lVa young, not old; younger one) 



-fe^, first person intransitive aorist (future, -fe^) 



-fek\ first person singular possessive (as in ga'lfeV my bow) 



Such elements show an aspirated consonant whether the preceding 

 accent be rising or falling; e. g., hemfa like lie'^lfa. Some of those 

 with primary media are: 



-da, third person possessive with preceding preposition (corre- 

 sponding not to first person -fek\ -de¥, but to -de) 

 -a'ld- and -a'md- indirect object 

 -da^, subordinating element 



This second set regularly keep the media whether the accent imme- 

 diately precedes or not. The first two of these generally, if not 

 always, require the preceding accent to be a falling one: 



daVwill'^da on his house 

 hafgd'^-da in his country 

 xd'^sa'lda between his toes 

 xd'^ha'mda on his back 

 3045°— Bull. 40, pt 2—12 4 § 23 



