62 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Besides these regular interchanges of non-palatal and palatalized 

 vowels, there are a number of cases of words showing differing vowels, 

 but whose genetic relationship seems evident. These vocalic varia- 

 tions have not been brought into the form of a rule; the number of 

 examples is small and the process apparently touches rather the 

 lexical material than the morphology. Variations of this character 

 between a and e are: 



gsda-b-a'^n I twist it; pH^-wa-gdQ-g-i'^n I drill for fire with it 

 (88.12), d¥^al-g&l&gal-a'mda^n I tie his hair up into top-knot 

 (172.2) 



dd'^-dsda,-g-a'mdQ,^n I pierce his ear (22.1); dd'^-dele-h-i'^n I stick 

 it through his ear 



Za^" excrement 122.2; le'-Vw-an-t'Y my anus 



Variations between o (u) and u are : 



s-omoda'^n I boil it (58.10); ts- Himumf a^n I boil it (170,17) 

 xuma^ food 54.4; xumii'Jc'de^ I am sated (130.18) 



An a — il variation is seen in : 



hau-Jistnh'^s it stopped (raining) 196.8; p.'ai-Jmnu'^^s he shrank 

 33.16 



Variations between a and i are : 



yawMfe^l talk (132.3); yiwiya'ufe^ I keep talking, I converse 

 (194.5) ; yiwin talking, (power of) speech 138.4 



l&hsi'n I shall carry it (124.5) ; libin news (what is carried about 

 from mouth to mouth[?]) 194.9 



Of (u) — e variations there have been found: 



lohoU'e^ I die 184.18; lehelfe^ I drift dead ashore (75.5) 

 xd^-JivJiln'haVna^n I breathe; xd"--Jiege'7ia¥na^n I breathe (79.2) 

 i.'os-o''' little 180.20; aZ-i.'e^s'i'^' little-eyed 94.3 



An e — i variation is found in the probably related : 



p.'eyenfe^ I lie 71.5 (future ple'Ve^ [146.91); gwen-p!\y\'nywa^n 



I lie on pillow (future gwen-pUVwan) 

 fge^aHx it rolls; a'l-fgVjaHx tears rolled from (his) eyes 138.25 



§ 32. Consonant-Ablaut 



Consonant-ablaut, ordinarily a rare method of word-formation, 

 plays a rather important part in the tense-formation (aorist and non- 

 aorist) of many verbs. The variation is in every case one between 

 fortis and non-fortis; i. e., between p!, tl, Jc!, ts!, and h, d, g, s, respec- 

 tively. Three main types of grammatical consonant change are to 

 be recognized: 



§ 32 



