BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 63 



1. An initial fortis in the aorist as opposed to an initial media in 

 non-aorist forms: 



aorist Jclolol- (stem goH- dig) 

 aorist t.'ehe- (stem de^h- arise) 

 aorist t'.ayag- (stem da/^g- find) 



2. A medial fortis followed by a vowel in the aorist as opposed to 

 a medial tenuis followed by a consonant in non-aorist forms : 



aorist lop.'od- (stem lop'd- rain, snow, or hail) 

 aorist latslag- (stem lasg- touch) 



3. A medial media in the aorist as opposed to a medial fortis in 

 the remaining forms: 



aorist nu^d- (stem nuH!- drown) 

 aorist wl^g- (stem wlJc!- spread) 



Needless to say, this consonant-ablaut has absolutely nothing to do 

 with the various mechanical consonant-changes dealt with in the 

 phonology. 



A few examples of consonant-ablaut not connected with regular 

 grammatical changes have also been found: 



s'omod- boil; ts'.'umu^mt'a- boil 



7iau-gwen-yut\uyad-i- swallow down greedily (hke duck or hog) 

 126.10; Jiau-gyjen-yunu^yan-i- dit. 



The second example illustrates an interchange not of fortis and non- 

 fortis (for n^ is related to n as is t! to d), but of non-nasal stop and 

 nasal. 



I. The Verb (§§ 33-83) 



§33. Introductory 



The verb is by far the most important part of the Takelma sen- 

 tence, and as such it will be treated before the independent pronoun, 

 noun, or adjective. A general idea of the make-up of the typical 

 verb-form will have been gained from the general remarks on mor- 

 phology; nevertheless the following formula will be found useful by 

 way of restatement: 



Loosely attached prefixes + verb-stem {or aorist stem derived 

 from verb-stem) + derivational suffixes + formal elements (chiefly 

 pronominal) + syntactic element. 



This skeleton will at the same time serve to suggest an order of 

 treatment of the various factors entering into verb morphology. 



§ 33 



