72 BUBEAU OP AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY ' [boll. 40 



ha-fgd'^-gwidVTc''' he threw it into the open (literally, he-in-earth- 



threw-it) ; of. Jia-t'gdu in the earth 

 ha-i-da¥-wUi-t!d°'di^^n I ran out of the house (ba-i- out, adverbial 



prefix + da¥- on top of + wili house) 24.13; of. daV-will on 



top of the house 

 Tia-yau-fge'netsla^n I put it about my waist (literally, I-in 



[ under ?]-rib-put-it-about); cf. ha-yawade inside my ribs 



Such verbs with incorporated local phrases are naturally not to be con- 

 fused with cases in which a local prefix is followed by an incorporated 

 (instrumental) noun with which it is not, however, directly connected. 

 Thus the lia- of ha-tgd°--gwidW"' is not directly comparable to the 

 ha- of a form like: 



Jia-pH^-ts' Hi'luJcH^n I set it on fire (p!l^ with fire) 73.9 

 Here ha-p!P- cannot be rendered in the fire. 



Some verb-forms show an evidently incorporated noun that has so 

 thoroughly amalgamated with the stem that it is difficult to make 

 out its exact share in the building up of the material content of the 

 verb. For example: 



s'omlohoya'lda^n I doctor him as s'omloho'lxa^s 

 doubtless contains the incorporated noun s'om mountain; but the 

 implied allusion is not at all evident, except in so far as the protecting 

 spirits of the s-omloho'lxa^s are largely mountain-spirits. The verb 

 itself is probably a derivative of the verb-stem lolio- die (aorist 

 lohoi-) . 



§36. BODY-PART PREFIXES 



Having disposed of the modal prefixes, which on analysis turned 

 out to be verbal prefixes only in appearance, and of incorporated 

 nouns, which one would hardly be inclined to term prefixes in the 

 narrower sense of the term, there remain for our consideration two 

 important sets of genuine prefixes, body-part elements and adverbial, 

 chiefly local, prefixes. The former will be taken up first. By '' body- 

 part prefix" is not meant any body-part noun in its incorporated form 

 (many of these, such as ts'Ielei- eye, t.'iba- pancreas, not differing 

 morphologically from ordinary incorporated nouns), but only certain 

 etymologically important monosyllabic elements that are used to indi- 

 cate in a more general way what body-part is concerned in a particular 

 action, and which may be regarded as in some degree verbal classifiers. 

 With the exception of I- hand and s'in- nose, classed with the rest 



§ 36 



