98 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



Type 1 . Verb-stem v + c; aorist v'" + c. In this type are embraced 

 partly monosyllabic and partly dissyllabic verb-stems that either 

 seem to undergo no change at all in the aorist or merely lengthen 

 the stem-vowel. The number of verbs that follow the type does not 

 seem to be very great. Examples: 



Verb-stem Aorist stem 



woga'H' he will arrive (196.20) wo"k' he arrived 47.15 



oba'n I shall dig it up b^'ha'^n I dug it up (48.7) 



yi'k' copulatmg 86.5 jV\a'^n I copulated with her 26.3 



u-gwa'n I shall drink it (162.17) n^'gwa'^n I drank it 186.3 



h^ogwana'n I shall make him run ho"gwana'^7i I made him run 



(138.2) (79.2) 



Tiin^x-WYwa'^s coward 76.5 ; 'hin^x-nV\Na'^n I was afraid (17.7) 



(160.19) 



wK'e« I shall travel (178.11) wlte' I traveled (90.1) 



i\i}\a'mxade^ I shall go fishing Vl^la'mxade^ I went fishing 



yimi'^m I shall lend it to him yi'miya.'% I lend it to him 



(98.14) ' (98.15) 



huli'nf e« I shall be tired out hu^li'n^'e^ I was tired out (102.1) 



hagaH'e^ I shall have a cold thrill hagaii'e^I had a cold thrill 166.1 



Xohona'n I shall cause him to die \o\\b'^na'^n I caused him to die 



(100.8) 



al-ge'j2in.de^ I shall turn my face al- geyana.'% I turned my face 



As regards the accent of the stem syllable, the examples show that, 

 whenever accented, it takes the rising pitch when long, the raised 

 pitch when short (and final). Compare further: 



0^])' he dug it up 124.5, 12 hin^x-mu he was afraid 



u¥'^ he drank it 162.20 dl-geya^n he turned his face 



Type 2. Verb-stem v + c; aorist v + c + v. If, as seems probable, 

 the second consonant of verbal bases ending in two consonants is in 

 many cases really a petrified suffix, a very large proportion of those 

 verbs that might be listed under Type 3 really belong here, thus 

 making Type 2 probably the most numerously represented of all types. 

 In some forms it is possible to detect the derivative character of the 

 second consonant by a comparison of etymologically related forms 

 that lack it; e. g., in ts'.'elm- rattle (aorist ts'lelem-), the -m- is 

 shown to be a suffix, though of no determinable signification, because 

 of its absence in the corresponding frequentative ts'.'elets'.'al-. A 

 corroborative phonetic test lies m the treatment of the first con- 

 sonant of the cluster, in so far as verbs following Type 3 show a fortis 

 in the aorist as against a media or tenuis in the verb-stem, while those 



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