BOAS] 



HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 



99 



of Type 2 suffer no change in this respect; e. g., verb-stem wism- 

 MOVE has aorist according to Type 3, wits' !im-, as contrasted with 

 verb-stem fgism- get green with aorist of Type 2 fgisim- (fgism- 

 should therefore be analyzed as base fgis- + suffix -m-). This 

 criterion enables us to pick out an otherwise unsuspected suffix in 

 verbs like t'ap'g- finish, aorist tlabag- (not Type 3, H!ap!ag-), but 

 can be applied only where the first consonant of the verb-stem is s, 

 h, d, or g. A more general phonetic test would seem to be the 

 position occupied by the inorganic vowel -a-. In those cases in 

 which we have most reason to consider the second consonant as 

 part of the base, this -a- follows the cluster as "constant" a; while 

 otherwise, and indeed in the majority of cases, it is inserted between 

 the two consonants: wisma'fe^ i shall move (base wism-), but 

 fgisa'mfe^ i (as plant) shall get green. An application of these 

 various criteria, were sufficient material at hand, would probably 

 show that but a comparatively small number of verbs follow Type 3. 

 Examples of verbs of Type 2 are : 



Verb-stem 



l-t\am'n I shall hold him (28.11) 

 wa-k lo'^ja'n I shall go with him 



o'sbin ( = ? ok-s-) I shall give it 



to you (178.15) 

 oina'n I shall give it 

 yalxaldan I shall lose ib (188.18) 

 ■ yo'^e^ I shall be (33.10) 

 nak'ink' he will say to him 



(94.16) 

 da-sgMpxde^ I shall lie down 

 t'iV'ga'H' it will get hot 

 s'om.da'n I shall cook it 



Aorist stem 



i-t!ana'7ii^n I held him 73.16 

 wa-k\oy6^n I went with him 



(33.15) 

 ogu'shi^n I gave it to you 23.3 



ojona/^n I gave it (180.20) 

 y&lsixalda^n I4ost it (77.10) 

 jowofe^ I was (42.1) 

 naga^ he said to him 180.7 



da-sg&ysi'pxde^ I am lying down 

 t uwu'^A:' it got hot 94.15 

 s-ouioda'^n I cooked it (58.10) 



Examples illustrating the intrusive -a- are : 



Verb-stem 



hiWufe' I shall jump (160.17) 

 mllada'n I shall love her 

 hliya'Vde^ I shall come 196.1 

 gma'Jc'de^ I shall go somewhere 



14.3 

 diiwa'Vde^ I shall be good 



Aorist stem 



hWiufe^ I jumped^ (45.14) 

 TRllVda'^n I love her 

 -kliyi'Fde' I came (156.24) 

 gmi'Vde^ I went somewhere 



21.10 

 dvLwuVde^ I was good (146.7) 



^ Perhaps best considered as belonging to Type 3 (verb-stem bilw-). 



§ 40 



