100 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Verb-stem Aorist stem 



xuma'^'c^g*' I shall be satiated xniaii'Vde^ I was satiated 



(130.18) 

 wija'Vde^ I shall groan wiyi'¥de^ I groaned (192.11) 



xuda'mfe^ I shall whistle xudnrTife^ I whistled (33.16) 



ts-Iela'Tn^e^ I shall rattle ts'Ielem^'e-' I rattled (102.13) 



ts'lus.a'mfe^ I shall make whis- ts"!us"umfe^ I made whistling 

 tling noise by drawing in noise (78.9,10,12) 

 breath between teeth and 

 lower lip 

 IVga'nfe'' I shall rest liglnfe^ I rested (79.2,4) 



jSiWnfe^ I shall be lost (of. 14.3) jal&nfe^ I am lost (note differ- 

 ence in accent between aorist 

 and future) 



It is to be understood, of course, that this -a- is in no sense a 

 characterizing future or non-aorist element, as, when the phonetic 

 conditions allow, it drops out altogether. This takes place when the 

 consonant following the intrusive -a- is itself followed by a vowel. 

 Thus the second person singular future {-ada'^) of some of the verbs 

 listed has no -a-\ hilwada'^, gingada'^, du^gada'^, wl^gada'^, yalnada'^. 

 Similarly the simple stem xud- whistle appears in a;u^'ma'^s whistler. 



In regard to vocalic quantity it will be observed that the verbs of 

 this type divide themselves into two classes — those with short verb- 

 stem vowel (such as V.an-, og-, s'om-d-, gin-g-, yal-n-) and those with 

 long verb-stem vowel (k!d^y-, yal-x-ald-, lPg-[a]n-, fu^-g-, mil-[a]d-) . 

 The first and second stem vowels of the »aorist of verbs of the first 

 class are regularly both short (t!ana-, ogo-, s'omo-d-, gini-g-, yala-n-) ; 

 the aorists of the second class seem generally to have a short first 

 but long second vowel (kloyo^-, yala^-x-ald, ligl^-n-, fuwiP-g-, miW-d-). 

 The verb na/^g- (aorist naga-) say to and perhaps a few others (sgdi- 

 p-x-, aorist sgaya-p-x-; al-ts!di-g- wash aorist al-ts!aya-g-; but 

 al-tsldi-f- wash oneself, aorist al-ts!aya°'-p-) do not follow this 

 rule. Of the verb yo- (aorist yowo-) forms of both accent classes are 

 found {yofe^ as well as yo'fe^, yowo'fe^ as well as yowofe^), and 

 indeed a lengthening of the second vowel of aorists of the first class 

 seems to occur with considerable frequency. The rising for long and 

 the raised for final short stem vowels seem to be the normal accents 

 for verbs of Type 2, whether the stress falls on the first or second 

 (in aorists) vowel. If, however, the accented vowel is followed by a 



§ 40 



