110 BUKEAU OF AMERICA:?^ ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Verb-stem Aorist stem 



jsiwl'fe^ 1 shall talk (cf. base yawalfe^ I talked (30.4; 126.2) 

 yiw- talk) (126.2) 



da-ho'k\o'p'na^n I made bub- 

 bles (base Idle!-) 102.22 

 ld^-al-in.o'\^man I shall turn hd^-al-mo'Wma^n I turned 



things over (base moV-) things over 



dd'^-je'hlhi I shall go to where dd^-je\\el he went where there 

 singing is heard was singing (see Type 76) 



106.10 

 \egwe\a''m.da^n I suck it out 



of it (186.18) 

 la^mala'^Ti I quarrel with him 

 (27.2) 

 It is quite possible that many verbs whose verb-stem ends in a con- 

 sonant identical with their initial consonant (and that one would be 

 inclined to list under Type 2) really belong to Type 11. In such 

 cases as: 



ging- go somewhere (aorist ginig-) 

 ]c!iy[a]g- go, come (aorist Jt.'iyig-) 

 gel-gul[a]g- desire (aorist- gulug-) 



it is not easy to decide whether the final -g- is a suffixed element, as 

 in many verbs of Type 2, or a repetition of the initial consonant of 

 the base. As to the genesis of the form in verbs of Type 11, it seems 

 clear that it is only a secondary development of the far more richly 

 represented Type 13. This is indicated by the existence of second 

 forms of Type 13 alongside those of Type 11 : 



(^a-?>oit.'o6a'Z:'77a^n I make bubbles yiwiya'ufe^ ItsX^ (148.9) 

 mo'lo^mala^n I turn things over 

 (170.16) 



A form like mo'lo^maf you turned things over may go back to 

 a ^mo'lo^mlat' (Type 136), itself a reduced form of the fully redu- 

 plicating mo'lo^malaf ; but see § 65. 



Type 12 . Verb-stem c-{-v^' + c^; aorist c + v^ + c^ + c + a + Cy Verbs of 

 this type form their aorist by reduplicating the verb-stem according 

 to Type 2 (see § 30) ; the a of the second syllable of the aorist stem 

 is regularly umlauted to -i by an i of the following syllable (see § 8, 

 3a). Morphologically such aorist stems are practically identical 

 with the verb-stems of Type 13a, though no further deductions can 

 be drawn from this fact. Contrary to what one might expect, most 

 verbs of the type show no marked iterative or frequentative signifi- 



§ 40 



