BOASl HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 111 



cation. Examples of this rather frequently recurring type are : 



Verb-stem Aorist stem 



sana'?!^ I shall fight him (28,15) sa^nsa'n^'e^ I was fighting 184.13 

 he^^-sal-t'gu'^ni'n I shall kick it he^^-sal-VgHnVgini^n I Idcked it 



off off (24.17) 



t!eui'6^ I shall play shinny t!eut!a'ufe^ I played shinny 



(47.7) 

 l-t\si^wi'n I shall catch him (33.8) i-t!aut!iwi^?i I caught him 33.4 

 hd°'-dVga'n I shall make it stand ^a'^-dik'daga^Ti I made it stand 



up up (59.10) 



he^^-s-wi\xV it is torn i;-s-wiIs*WLli^?i I tore it (73.3) 



tsla^ga'^f he will step ts!a^k'ts!a'^k' he stepped 32.9 



dd^-i-ho^di'n I shall pull out liis (^aM-b6t'bid*^7i I pulled out his 



hair hair (194.7) 



&a-vsga*gi'7i I shall pick it up ^a-i-sgak'sgigi^n I picked him 



up (32.12) 

 la^wi^Ti I shall call him by name la*hwi'^?i I called him by name 



{ioYW- = ldu- see § 7) (116.3) 



There is a tendency to prevent a long u-diphthong of the first 

 syllable of the aorist stem from standing immediately before a 

 diphthong-forming semivowel or consonant {y, w, I, m, n) of the 

 second syllable. In such cases the u is either lost, as in the last 

 example above (dissimilation is also a possible explanation) or a con- 

 necting -i- is introduced between the u, wliich now becomes w, and 

 the following consonant. Examples are: 



Verb-stem Aorist stem 



XhuxinY he will call me by name le^wila'usi ^ he calls me by name 



59.7 



\mt'e^ I shall look (142.18) liwila'ufe^^ I look (59.14) 



The stem vowel of verbs of Type 12 is regularly long, and, when 

 stressed, as it generally is in aorist forms, receives the rising accent. 

 The a of the second syllable of the aorist stem is stressed only when 

 forming a secondary diphthong with a following repeated radical 

 element, in which case it receives a falling (toHa'uhi he called him) 

 or raised accent {he^^-sal-fgu^nfga^n) . 



1 The various forms of this verb seem to be made up of throe distinct stems. The non-aorist forms of both 

 transitive and intransitive {sana'p'de « I shall fight) employ a stem (_sana-) of Type 5. ilost aorist forms, 

 including the reciprocal aorist, use the stem smnsan- of Type 12 {semsa'nsi he fights me; sdansa'nsinik' 

 WE FIGHT EACH OTHER). The Stem sdatis- of Type 106 is probably limited to such transitive forms of the 

 aorist as have a third person object {smnsa'^n I fight him; saws he fought him). 



2 Parallel form, perhaps with iterative significance, to leela'usi, § 7. 



3 This verb has a short i in the first syllable of the aorist, so that, as far as the aorist stem is concerned, 

 it seems to belong to Type 13a. Perhaps it is best considered a verb ol mixed type (13a in aorist, 12 in 

 non-aorist). 



§ 40 



