120 BUEEATJ OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



tslaijap'de^ or not, but such seems likely. Intransitives with 



non-aoristic -p'^- are : 

 Zap'cZe^ I shall become (92.11) (aorist Id'^hfe') 186.19 

 sana'p'de^ I shall fight (aorist sa^nsa'nVe^ [184.13]) 

 tgunp'de^ I shall be cold (aorist fgunu¥de^ [90.3]) 

 Finally, all Class II intransitives have a -p'- before the formal 



elements in the first person plural and impersonal of the aorist 



and future and in the imperative and inferential modes: 



s'as'iniip'iV we stand 



s'a's'an'p'ia^H" they (indef.) will stand 



sVs'anp' stand! 



s"a's*a?ip'a?ip' do ye stand! 



s'a's'anp'^a^m stand! (future) 



S'a's'ani^'V he stood, it seems 

 There is small doubt, however, that this -p'- is quite distinct from 

 the non-aoristic -p'- of verbs like lap'de^, which occurs in 

 the entire future. A form like lap' become! is in that event 

 perhaps to be analyzed as la'^-p'-p\ the first -p'- being the non- 

 aoristic element found also in la^^'de^, while the second -p'- is 

 identical with the imperative-inferential -p'- of s-a's-an^\ 

 This analysis is purely theoretical, however, as contraction to 

 a single -p'- is unavoidable in any case. 



2. -p!-. This consonant is evidently a suffixed element in: 



ha^-l-Ml'lup \i^n I skinned them (cf . ha-4-M'liV^lial they skinned 

 them all 160.5) 



3. -m-. Apparently as transitive element -m- appears in: 



tslayama^'n I hide it (124.23) (cf. ts.'ayaip'de' I hide [24.2]) 



As intransitive suffix it appears in : 



fgisi'^m. it gets green 



xudumt'e^ I whistle (base xud-; related to xdelt" flute [ ?]) (33.16) 



ts-.'us-umfe^ I make noise by drawing in breath between teeth 



and lower lip (78.9,10,12; 79.1,3,5; 96.9,10,12) 

 It may not be altogether accidental that the latter two verbs both 



express the making of a noise. This idea is found expressed 



also in: • 



ts-!elem.fe' I rattle (102.13) (cf. l-ts'!eleHs-!ili'n I rattle it) 



but the -m- of this verb may be really an alder -n- dissimilated 



to -m- because of the preceding -Z-. The -m- corresponds to 



an evidently identical suffixed -am- of the related noun ts-.'ela^m 



HAIL 152.12,16. 

 § 42 



