BOAS] 



HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 



133 



Simplex 



yimi's'a^ he dreams 

 luklii'xa^ he sets traps 

 geyewa'lxde^da^ ha-ikliyi'^V when 

 I ate he came 



Yewe'VawaH he barks 



Repetitive 



yimi'^s'a^ he is always dreammg 

 luklu'^xa^ he used to set traps 

 geye^wa'lxde^da^ ha-i-kliyl'^^Y 

 whenever I used to eat he 

 came 

 Yewe'^VawaH he is always bark- 

 ing 



As the last example shows, by this method verbs which are already 

 frequentative in form can be made to take on a usitative meaning. 



6. v-\-{c-\-) ha. The accented vowel (v) of frequentatives con- 

 forming to this formula is either the second vowel of the stem of the 

 simplex or the repeated vowel of the stem not found in the simplex, 

 and is followed by the last consonant (semi-vowel) of such verb-stems 

 as end in two consonants. The forms that belong to this group seem 

 in some cases to have rather a continuative than iterative force. Ex- 

 amples are: 



Repetitive 



lohoriha he keeps killing them 



liwilhaufe^ I kept looking (144, 19) 



wo^o^Tia she used to go for wood 

 43.15; 158.18 



daP'-sgeklelha he listened around 

 102.3 



daJ^-aganlii^n I used to hear about 

 it 



[s'u'^aTha^ they always stayed (to- 

 gether) 112.2 



[s'u'^alhibiV we always stay to- 

 gether 



s-as-a'nhap'de^ I stand around 



The last two examples do not show a rising pitch-accent, because 

 the vowel (-a-) preceding the -I- and -n- respectively is inorganic 

 and therefore incapable of carrying a rising or raised accent (cf. as 

 parallel hila'ufe'' i shall jump, not %ilaufe^, because of inorganic 

 -a-). They also illustrate the loss in the frequentative of a non- 

 radical element (,-1^-) of the simplex; in S'u'^alha^ the loss of the -l^- 

 involves also the transfer of the verb to the first class of intransitives 

 (second person singular. Class I, s'u'^aThaV you stay around; Class 



II, s'u^willfain you sit). 



§ 43 



Simplex 



loTion he caused them to die 



(100.8) 

 liwila'uCe^ I looked (59.14) 

 woHV she went for (v/ood) (non- 



aorist a^oo-) (162.8); 186.6 

 dd°'-sgek!l he listened 102.8 



dW^-agani'^n I heard it (55.3) 



s'u^will he sits, stays 21.1 



S'as-inife^ I stand (34.1) 



