148 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



In intransitive verbs with implied transitive force a -t'- is inserted 

 between the indirective -{a)n{an)- and the reflexive -gwi-\ 



luk.'u'xagwanfgwif he traps for himself 

 Also this form in -gwanfgwi- was explained above. 

 § 51. Indirect Reflexive -gwa- 



By indirect reflexive is here meant action in reference to something 

 belonging to one's self, not action in behalf of one's self. From the 

 latter idea (expressed, as we have seen, by -[a]n[an]Vwi- and -[a]n[an]- 

 Vgwi-) the indirect reflexive in -gwa- differs in being always found in 

 a transitive setting; from the comitative -(a)gw{a)- it differs phonet- 

 ically in being formed only from transitive verbs with expressed object 

 and in the constancy of the final -a- (third person aorist -Vwa, not 

 -V^). Examples of its use are: 



^•m.-H-Vgili'^sgyf2b'^ he scratched his own nose 14.11; 15.7 



mdnx al-nit'^k'wa ( = gw-Vwa) he painted his own face (cf . no^gw- 



i^n I paint it) 

 l-gaxaga'xgwa,^n I scratch myself, i. e., my own (cf. l-gdxagixi'^n 



I scratch him) 

 i-p.'?;*-7id'%'wa warm yournands! (188.20) {ci.%-'p!i^-nd'H:'wi^nl 



warm his hands) 

 s•\^n.-d^He' 'p'gw2b\ie stuck it into his own nose (cf. dd'^-dele'p'ihe 



pierced his — another's — ear) 



Ihlls ^Si\-giliga'l\iwa,^n I covered myself with moss (48.14) (cf. hlls 

 %-giligili'^n I covered him with moss) 

 hlls ^i-giliga'lk'wsi^n I covered my hands with moss 

 gweji-p!iyi'nk.'wa, he lies on pillow (probably = he causes his 



neck to lie) ^ 

 Jcledelk'wsb^n I pick them for myself (literally, I pick my own) 

 de-¥iii¥auk'wa¥ he brandished it before his face 172.11 

 i-Tc!u'^ma'7ik'wa, he prepared himself, got ready 172.2 (cf. i-TclU^- 

 md^n he fixed it, got it ready 114.7) 



It will be noticed that whenever what in English we are accustomed 

 to consider a direct reflexive is really such only in form, not in fact, the 

 Takelma idiom requires the indirect -Vwa- form, not the direct reflexive 

 in -gwi-. Thus, r see or scratch myself is not logically a reflexive in 

 the same sense as i kill, drown, or hang myself, the former involv- 

 ing strictly action on what belongs to the subject, not on the subject 

 itself : I SEE or scratch my own (flesh) . Still such distinctions can 



'The object, generally a body-part, to which the action refers is printed in Roman characters. 

 2 p.' jj/in- connected with -p.'eyen- lie? 



§ 51 



