boas] handbook op INDIAN LANGUAGES — TAKELMA 167 



Several non-agentives in -x- drop the -x- and become Class I intran- 

 sitives in the frequentative: 



pla-i-fgwill'H'gwaV (water) keeps dripping down (cf. 'p!(p-i- 



fgwili'^^x it drips down 58.1) 

 xoP-sgotlo'sgaH^ it breaks to pieces 62.1 (cf. xd^-sgd'^s = -sgd^d-x it 



breaks [61.13]) 

 xa^-sgo'^H' sgadaH' it will break to pieces (cf. xd^-sgo'^^sda it will 

 break [148.8]) 



TRANSITIVES, CLASS III (§§ 62-66) 

 § 62. General Kemarks 



The subject pronominal elements of the transitive verb combine 

 with the objective elements to form rather closely welded compound 

 endings, yet hardly ever so that the two can not separately be recog- 

 nized as such; the order of composition is in every case pronominal 



object + subject. It is only in the combinations thou or ye 



ME that such composition does not take place ; in these the first person 

 singular object is, properly speaking, not expressed at all, except in 

 so far as the stem undergoes palatalization if possible (see § 31, 1), 

 while the second person subject assumes the form in which it is 

 found in Class II of intransitive verbs. The pronominal objects are 

 decidedly a more integral part of the verb-form than the subjects, 

 for not only do they precede these, but in passives, periphrastic 

 futures, nouns of agency, and infinitives they are found unaccompa- 

 nied by them. For example: 



domxhina^ you will be killed (178.15) 

 ddmxbigulu'V'^ he will kill you 

 domxbi^s one who kills you 

 domxhiya to kill you 



are analogous, as far as the incorporated pronominal object (-hi-) is 

 concerned, to: 



domxhinV he will kDl you; tlomoxWn I kill you 

 The pronominal objects are found in all the tense-modes, as far as 

 the meaning of these permits, and are entirely distinct from all the 

 subjective elements, except that the ending of the second person 

 plural coincides with one form of the second person singular present 

 imperative of the intransitive, -anp\ These elements are: 



Singular: First person, -xi (with third subjective); second person, 



-hi; third person, ; third person (human), -¥wa. Plural: First 



person, -am; second person, -anp' {-anh-). 



§ 62 



