174 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



l-'klu'^Tnanana'nM he fixed it for him 

 %-k!umana'nhi fix it for him! 



l-Tclumana'nliiTc he fixed it for him (infer.), but i-]c!uminininVn¥ 

 he will fix it for him 



It should be noted, however, that many verbs with characteristic 

 -i- either may or regularly do leave out the final -'i: 



alxi'^V he saw him 124.6, 8 (cf. al-xl'^gi^n I saw him, 188.11)^ 

 l-lats!a^¥ he touched him (cf. l-lats!agi'^n I touched him) 

 ha^-l-ye^wa'n revive him! (15.2) (cf, ha^-l-yewe^ni'^n I revived him) 



Ihe^-l-Iele'^¥ he let him go (13.6) (cf. Tie^-l-le'lekH^n I let him go 

 [50.4J) 

 W-%-le'V'¥ let him go! 182.15 (cf. M-%-le'Tk!in I shall let him go) 

 ha-i-di-Vga'^st'ga'^s stick out your anus! 164.19; 166.6 (cf. 



ha-i-di-fgatsla'fgisi^n I stuck out my anus [166.8]) 

 l-kl'W'ma'n he prepared it 190.22 (cf. l-k!u^m.ini'^n I prepared it) 



It must be confessed that it has not been found possible to find a 

 simple rule that would enable one to tell whether an i-verb does or 

 does not keep a final -hi {-1). Certain verbs, even though without 

 instrumental signification, show an -i- (or -hi-) in all forms with third 

 personal object. Such are: 



aorist ogoy- give to {ogolhi he gave it to him 156.20) 

 aorist weH'-g- take away from (wet'gi he took it from him, 16.13) 

 aorist lagag- feed (Jaga'¥i he gave him to eat 30.12; ld¥i give 

 him to eat! Jak'igana^Tc we seem to have given him to eat) 



and indirective verbs in -anan-. Irregularities of an unaccountable 

 character occur. Thus we have : 



he^^-lu he left him (cf. he^^-Vwi'^n I left him); but imperative 

 he^^-iwi'hi leave him! (not *-'im\ as we might expect) 



In many cases the loss or retention of the final -hi seems directly 

 connected with syntactic considerations. A large class of verbs with 

 instrumental prefix (generally 1-) drop the final -hi, presumably 

 because the instrumentality is only indefinitely referred to (cf. § 

 35, 1) . Examples of such have been given above. As soon, however, 

 as the instrument is explicitly referred to, as when an instrumental 

 noun is incorporated in or precedes the verb, the -hi is restored. 

 Thus: 



1 The -i- of these verbs regularly disappears, not only here but in every form in which the normal con- 

 necting vowel -a- fails to appear in other verbs: al-n'^lc' (inferential) he saw him {*al-xtk!-k' like dowk' he 

 KILLED HIM), homonymous with al-xl'-k' (imperative) see him! {=*alzi'k!). As soon, however, as the 

 verb becomes distinctly instrumental in force, the -i- is a constant element: al-wa-xVk!ik' (inferential) he 

 SAW IT with it. 



§ 64 



