176 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



As soon as the verb ceases to be transitive (or passive) in form or 

 when the third personal object is the personal -¥wa, the instrumental 

 -%- disappears: 



gel-yald'^xaW gwit' he forgot himself 77.10 (cf. gel-yald'^xaldi^n I 

 forgot him) 



ogoiVwa he gave it to him 96. 18 (cf . ogolhi he gave it to him 188. 12) 

 It is possible that in wefgigwa he took it from him the -gi- is a 

 peculiar sufBx not compounded of petrified -g- (see § 42, 6) and 

 instrumental -i-; contrast l-t!a7ia'hi he held it with %-t!ana'liagwa 

 HE HELD HIM. Any Ordinary transitive verb may lose its object 

 and take a new instrumental object, whereupon the instrumental -i- 

 becomes necessary. Examples of such instrumentalized transitives 



are: 



ga'V wa-tslayagi'^n bow I-with-shoot-it (cf . tslayaga'^n I shoot him) 

 wa-^u^gwi'^n I drink with it (cf. u^gwa'^n I drink it) 

 If, however, it is desired to keep the old object as well as the new 

 instrumental object, a suffix -art- seems necessary. Thus: 

 yap!a wa-soP-gmina'^ people they-will-be-shot-with-it 

 xl'^ wa-^u^gwmi'^n water I-tlrink-it-with-it 

 It is not clear whether or not this -an- is related to either of the -an- 

 elements of -anan- (§ 50). 



A final -'i is kept phonetically distinct in that it does not unite 

 with a preceding fortis, but allows the fortis to be treated as a syllabic 

 final, i. e., to become ^ + aspirated surd: 



A.6*^-vZe'me^^'i he killed them off, but -Zg'me^.'i^n I killed them off 

 Forms without connective vowel whose stem ends in a vowel, and 

 yet (as instrumentals or otherwise) require an -i-, simply insert this 

 element (under proper phonetic conditions as -hi-) before the modal 

 and personal suffixes: 



wa-woo'hin I shall go to get it with it (contrast woo'n I shall go 



to get it) 

 l-t!ana'M^n I hold it; %-t!ana'hi he holds it 27.4 

 di-s'al-yomo'hin I shall run behind and catch up with liim; 

 di-s'al-yomo'Tii catch up with him! (contrast yomo'n I shall 

 catch up with him) 

 wa-sana'MnY they will spear them with them 28.15 (verb-stem 

 Sana-) 

 A constant -a- used to support a preceding consonant combination 

 is, in -i- verbs, colored to -i- : 



i-lasgV touch him! (cf. masga" put it! [104.8]) 

 § 65 



