BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 193 



The periphrastic forms in elf and elfp' become -¥ + eida'^ and 

 eifha^ in the subordinate; e. g., waJ^lil^mt'Tc! eida'^ when you 

 ANSWERED HIM. Tlie active inferential subordinates of do^m- with 

 third personal object thus are : 



Singular : 



First person, domVanda^ 



Second person, do'^mJcIeida'^ 

 Plural: 



First person, domVanaga'm 



Second person, dd'^mklelVha^ 



Third person, ddmVna^', personal, ddm¥wak'na^ 

 Impersonal do^miailk' na^ 



The subordinating element -na^ also makes a subordinate clause out 

 of a -f participle (see §76): 



gwi na'fna^ ga^ a'ldi naga'n how-he-looked {gwi naY how-look- 

 ing) that all he-was-called 60.5; (cf. 78.3) 

 yap!a ga na'fna^ that number of people 110.15 



Also adjectives and local phrases may be turned into subordinate 

 clauses by the suffixing of -na^ : 



xilam-na'^ when she was sick 188.10 



aga do^¥ gwelda-na'^ this log under-it when ( = while he was under 

 this log) 190.20 



Examples will now be given of constructions illustrating the use 

 of subordinate forms. It is artificial, from a rigidly native point of 

 view, to speak of causal, temporal, relative, and other uses of the 

 subordinate; yet an arrangement of Takelma examples from the 

 view-point of English syntax has the advantage of bringing out 

 more clearly the range of possibility in the use of subordinates. 

 The subordinate clause may be directly attached to the rest of the 

 sentence, or, if its temporal, causal, or other significance needs to 

 be clearly brought out, it may be introduced by a relative adverb 

 or pronoun (where, when, how, who). Both constructions are 

 sometimes possible; e. g., a sentence like i do not know who killed 

 HIM may.be rendered either by not i-it-know who he-him-killing 

 or not i-whom-know he-him-killing. Subordinate constructions 

 with causal signification are : 



ts'Iolx (1) u's'i (2) tlumuxda^ (3) give me (2) dentalia (1), for you 



have struck me (3) (cf. 15.8) 

 a'nl^ (1) gel-gulu'xi (2) gayawa'nda^ (3) he does not (1) like me 



(2), because I ate it (3) 

 3045°— Biill. 40, pt 2—12 13 § 70 



