196 BUKEAU OF AMEBIC AN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Most astonishing is the use of wala'^s'ina^ as a modal prefix of a 

 subordinate verb (of the movable class treated above, see § 34) to 

 assert the truth of an action in the manner of our English did in 

 sentences like he did go. Thus, from da¥-da-hdlshi he answered 

 YOU, is formed the emphatic daY-da-wala'^sina^-hdlshina^ he did 

 answer you. The only analysis of this form that seems possible 

 is to consider the verbal prefixes daV-da- as a predicative adverb upon 

 which wala'^sina^ is syntactically dependent, the main verb -lidlslina^ 

 itself depending as a subordinate clause on its modal prefix. The 

 fact that da¥-da- has as good as no concrete independent existence as 

 adverb, but is idiomatically used with the verbal base hal- to make 

 up the idea of answer, is really no reason for rejecting this analysis, 

 strange as it may appear, for the mere grammatical form of a sen- 

 tence need have no immediate connection with its logical dismem- 

 berment. The above form might be literally translated as (it is) 

 above (da¥-) with-his-mouth (da-) that-it-really-is that-he- 

 answered-you. 



§ 71. CONDITIONALS 



Conditionals differ from other subordinate forms in that they are 

 derived, not from the full verb-form with its subject-affix, but, if 

 intransitive, directly from the verb-stem; if transitive, from the verb- 

 stem with incorporated pronominal object. In other words, the con- 

 ditional suffix -¥i^ (-^^0 is added to the same phonetic verbal units 

 as appear in the inferential before the characteristic -V, and in the 

 periphrastic future before the second element -gulug^-. The phonetic 

 and to some- extent psychologic similarity between the inferential 

 (e. g., dumxiV he evidently struck me) and the conditional (e. g., 

 dUmxigi^ if he strikes, had struck me) makes it not improbable 

 that the latter is a derivative in -i^ of the third personal subjective 

 form in -¥ of the latter. The conditional, differing again from other 

 subordinates in this respect, shows no variation for pronominal sub- 

 jects, the first and second personal subjective forms being peripln-as- 

 tically expressed by the addition to the conditional of the third per- 

 sonal subjective of the appropriate forms of ei- be. From verb-stem 

 yana- go, for example, are derived: 



Singular: 



First person, yana'Jc'i^ eiVe^ 

 Second person, ijana'Vi^ ett 

 Third person, yana'Vi^ 

 § 71 



