198 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



The apodosis of such conditions is sometimes introduced by the de- 

 monstrative pronoun ga that, which may be rendered in such cases 



by THEN, IN THAT CASE : 



aga (1) xaf'-sgd'Hgi^ (2) ga (3) loho'fe^ (4) if this (1) string parts 

 (2), in that case (3) I shall be dead (4) 59.10, (11) 



Of this type are also all general conditions referring to customary 

 action that is to take place in time to come, such as are often intro- 

 duced in English by words like whenever, wherever, and so on.^ 

 Examples of such general conditions are : 



wi'lau (1) lc!emniyau¥i^ (2) wa-t'haf°'gamdina^ (3) whenever peo- 

 ple will make (2) arrows (1), they (arrows) will be backed 

 (literally, tied) with it (3) (with sinew) 28.2 



waP'dl'^ (1) du (2) ha-i-gindFwi^ ^ (3) goyo^ (4) Tie^ne (5) do^- 

 mana'^ (6) whenever a shaman (4) goes out with ^ (3) one 

 whose body (1) is good (2), then (5) he shall be slain (6) 146.6 



goyo (1) gel-lohogwiauFi^ (2) Jie^ne (3) yd'"s-i^ (4) yap.'a (5) 

 gama'xdi (6) ple'H' (7) whenever one takes vengeance for (2) 

 a shaman (1), just (4) then (3) ordinary (6) people (5) will 

 lie (7) (i. e., be slam) 146.8 



wede (1) Jiono^ (2) ne^¥ (3) al-xl'%'wa¥ (4) yap!a (5) loTio'Fi^ (6) 

 no (1) one (3) will see him (4) again (2), when a person (5) 

 dies (6) 98.10 



gana^ne^x (1) yo'H' (2) yap.'a (3) galFi^ (4) thus (1) it shall be (2) 

 as people (3) grow, multiply (4) 146.15 



Examples of contrary-to-fact conditions are : 



aldi (1) yuYya'Tc'i^ elt'e^ (2) mala'xbi^n (3) if I knew (2) all (1), 



I should tell it to you (3) 162.5 

 ne¥ (1) yo'Vi^ (2) daV-limxgwa^ (3) if it were (2) anyone else (1), 



it (tree) would have fallen on him (3) 108.11, 13 

 I'daga (1) ge (2) yuTi' (3) wede (4) do^'ma^n (5) if that one (1) 



had been (3) there (2), I should not (4) have killed him (5) 

 gl' (1) ge (2) yuTi' elfe' (3) &o« (4) yana'' (5) haga' (6) if I (1) 



were (3) there (2), he would have gone (5) in that event (4) 



In the last example, haga^ is a demonstrative adverb serving to 

 summarize the protasis, being about equivalent to our in that event, 

 UNDER THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES. This word may be the adverbialized 



• General conditions, however, that apply to past time, or that have application without reference to 

 time-limit, are constructed by the use of the subordinate for the protasis, and aorist for the apodosis, both 

 verbs being, if possible, frequentative or continuative in form : ts-.'ixi (1) k'ewe'tk'awalda^ (2) hc-ne (3) j/ap.'a 

 (4) al-t!aya\k' (5) whenever the dog (1) barked (2), then (3) he found (5) a person (4). 



2 = -ginak'>e+ -k'i^. 



8 Causes the death of. 



§ 71 



