BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN" LANGUAGES TAKELMA 213 



(e. g., daP-n-x-de^¥) and such as are not provided with that element 

 (e. g., sal-x-de'Y my foot) ; a large number, on the other hand, both 

 of those that have a characteristic (e. g., tHhagw-a^n-fV) and of 

 those that lack it (e. g., hem-fd^ his stick) do without the -x-. A 

 considerable number of nouns may either have it between the 

 characteristic and the pronominal ending or append the personal 

 endings directly to the characteristic, no difference in signification 

 resulting. In such doublets, however, the pronominal suffixes be- 

 long to different schemes : 



hilg-an-x-de'V and hilg-a'n-t'Y my breast 

 se^ns-i-x-da'^ and se^ns-i'-H" your hair 

 wd'^d-i'-x-da (92.24) and wd'^d-l'^ his body 146.6 



The characteristic -a- never tolerates a following -x-. Where doublets 

 occur, these two elements seem to be mutually equivalent: ey-a^-f¥ 

 (112.6) and ei-x-(^e^^' MY CANOE (fromef canoe 114.3). Such doublets, 

 together with the fact that nothing ever intervenes between it and the 

 personal suffix, make it possible that this -x- is a connective element 

 somewhat similar in function to, and perhaps ultimately identical 

 with> the connective -x- of transitive verbs. This, however, is con- 

 fessedly mere speculation. What chiefly militates against its inter- 

 pretation as a merely connective element is the fact of its occurrence 

 as a word-final in phrases in which no possessive element is found : 



dagax wo'Vi^ head without 



Jia-dd°^-n-x molhi^V in-ear red (i. e., red-eared) 14.4; 15.13 



If the local phrase involves a personal pronominal element, the -x- 

 disappears : 



dd°'-n-x-de^¥ my ear, but ha-da-n-de in my ear 

 This treatment marks it off sharply from the noun-characteristics. 



Fifthly and lastly, in the integral structure of the noun, comes 

 the possessive pronominal suffix (the first person singular of terms 

 of relationship, however, is a prefixed wi-). The following tabulated 

 summary shows the range of occurrence of the various elements of 

 the noun: 



1 . Stem. Occurs as absolute noun (gwdn) , or incorporated in verb 



((^a«-). 



2. Derivative element. Occurs as ending of absolute form of 



noun whose stem appears only in incorporation: t'.iba'-V'" 



pancreas. 



§ 84 



