BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 229 



Still other terms of relationship have an -i- in all forms but the voca- 

 tive. It is probable, though not quite so certain for these nouns, that 

 the -i- is not a part of the stem, but, as in the preceding group, an 

 added characteristic element. Such nouns are: 



Vocative 



gamdV-xa his paternal grand- gaTuda 



parent (170.21; 188.13) 

 siwi'-xa her sister's child; his siwd 



brother's child 

 wa¥d\'-xa his mother's broth- wak'da 77 A 



er'sson 77.6; 88.14; (188.9) 

 tlomxi'-xa^ his wife's parent tlomxa 



lamts!i'-xa her brother's wife lamts.'d 



yidV-xa her husband's sister yidd 



nanbi'-xa his brother's wife; nanbd 



his wife's sister 

 ximnV-xa his relative by mar- ximnd 



riage after linking member 



has died 



The -i- has been found in the vocative before the -d (but only as a 

 myth-form) mobiyd o elder beother! 59.3; 62.4 (alongside of obd), 

 so that it is probable that the vocative -d is not a mere transfor- 

 mation of a characteristic vowel, but a distinct element that is 

 normally directly appended to the stem. Other examples of myth 

 vocatives in -d appended to characteristic -^- are tslayd o nephew! 

 23.1 (beside ts!d) and wo'Vdia' o cousin! 88.14, 15 (beside waVdd). 

 The stem Tiara- with its characteristic -i- is used as the vocative: 

 haml o father! 70.5; 71.7; also o son! Quite unexplained is the 

 not otherwise occurring -i- in the vocative of moV- son-in-law: 

 mofia^ 166.6, 7. As already noted (see § 88, 2), nouns in -Id'p'a 

 regularly take an -i- after the added -^.'- of possessive forms : -ld'p'ik!-i-. 

 4. -U-, Only a few nouns have been found to contain this element 

 as their characteristic. They are : 



i-xn-x- hand 58.2; 86.13 (incorporated 1-) 

 gwit.'l-u-x- wrist ^ (cf. variant gwitli-n-) 



Jia-u-x- woman's private parts 108.4; 130.8 (incorporated Tia-) 

 fgd-u- earth, land 55.3, 4; 56.4 (absolute t'gd 73.9, 11, 13) 

 -t.'omxa^n wife's parent (cf. tlomxi'xa his wife's parent 154,16; 

 164.19; see footnote, sub 3). 



' The first person singular shows -u as characteristic: wi-t.'omxa^u. 



2 It is highly probable that this word has been influenced in its form by lux- hand, which it resembles in 

 meaning, if it is not indeed a compound of it. 



§ 89 



