BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 233 



Of the other words belonging to this group, only that for friend 

 shows, or seems to show, a double stem: wiJc.'u^ya^m my friend 

 and ]c!u' yam o friend! 31.6, 8; 32.4, 6 but Tdu^ya'iJxa his friend 

 190.2, 4 and Jduyaba'H' (with inorganic rather than characteristic a) 

 YOUR friend 198.2. Irregular is also wi-Jclo'^xa^ my son's wife's 

 parents: Icld^xa'm-xa his son's wife's parents 178.9, in which 

 we have either to reckon with a double stem, or else to consider 

 the -m- of the latter form a noun-characteristic. Other terms of 

 relationship which, like hin-, append all the personal endings 

 without at the same time employing a characteristic are: 



wa°-- younger brother 42.1; 64.4 (also fawd"^- younger sister 



58.1, 5; 188.10) 

 Tcle^h- husband's parent 

 wayau- daughter-in-law ([ ? ] formed according to verb-type 1 1 



from way- sleep) 56.8, 9 

 s-iyd^p'- woman's sister's hvisband or husband's brother 

 liasd-^ man's sister's husband or wife's brother 152.22 



A:.'%a|'H friend 180.13; 196.19; 198.2 



heyan- daughter 13.2; 70.1, 4; 118.1, 4 belongs, morphologically 

 speaking, to the terms of relationship only because of its first per- 

 sonal singular form; all its other forms (the vocatives really belong 

 to Mn-) are built up according to Scheme III. 



As far as known, only terms of relationship possess vocative forms, 

 though their absence can not be positively asserted for other types of 

 nouns. The great majority of these vocatives end in -a, which, as in 

 wd o YOUNGER BROTHER! may be the lengthened form with rising 

 accent of the final vowel of the stem, or, as in Tclasd o grandmother! 

 16.3, 5, 6; 17.2; 154.18 added to the stem, generally with loss of the 

 characteristic -i-, wherever found, wayau- and S'iyd^p'-, both of which 

 lack a characteristic element, employ as vocative the stem with rising 

 accent on the a- vowel: wayau o daughter-in-law! and s-iyd^p' 

 o brother-in-law ! (said by woman) . This method of forming the 

 vocative is in form practically equivalent to the addition of -a. s'nd^ 

 mamma! and JiaiTcId o wife! husband! are vocatives without corre- 

 sponding noun-stems provided with pronominal suffixes, beyan- 

 daughter and Vaba- son, on the other hand, have no vocative 



I wiha^st' MY wife's brother is the only Takelma word known that terminates in st'. 

 ' Inasmuch as there is hardly another occurrence of s-n- in Takelma, it is perhaps not too far-fetched to 

 analyze s-na into s'- (of. second footnote, p. 8) +na (vocative of ni- in ni'xa his mother). 



§ 91 



