BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES TAKELMA 249 



The plural form -k!an is appended to nouns in -Id'p'a and to the 

 third personal -xa(-a) of terms of relationship. As -Ic!-^ is appended 

 to nouns in -Id'p'a also before the characteristic -i- followed by a 

 possessive suffix, it is clear that -k!an is a compound suffix consisting 

 of an unexplained -k!- and the plural element -{a)n. Examples of 

 -k!an are: 



tHHa'foklaxL men 128.11; 130.1, 7, 25; 132.17 



¥ aHd' p ah\Qjs. women 184.13 



mologold' p ak\diTi old women 57.14; 128.3, 10 (also mologo'lfan) 



o'pxak! an her elder brothers 124.16, 20; 134.8; 138.7 



Vaha'xaklsiD. his, their sons 132.10; 156.14 



ma'mldan their father 130.19, 21; 132.12 



fawdxaklixn. their younger sister 148.5 



Icla'saklan their maternal grandmother 154.13; 156.8, 15, 18, 21 



§ 100. DUAL -dJ/ 

 The suffix -dil{-dVl) is appended to a noun or pronoun to indicate 

 the duality of its occurrence, or to restrict its naturally indefinite or 

 plural application to two. It is not a true dual in the ordinary sense 

 of the word, but indicates rather that the person or object indicated 

 by the noun to which it is suffixed is accompanied by another person 

 or object of the same kind, or by a person or object mentioned before 

 or after; in the latter case it is equivalent to and connecting two 

 denominating terms. Examples illustrating its use are: 



gd^mdVl we two (restricted from go^jn we) 



gadil go^m Ihemxinigam we two, that one and I, will wrestle 



(literally, that-one-and-another [namely, I] we we-shall- 



wrestle) 30.5 

 sgi'si&fl two coyotes (literally, coyote-and-another [coyote]) 

 wdxadtX two brothers (lit., [he] and his younger brother) 26,12 

 sgisi m'xddfl Coyote and his mother 54.2 



The element -dll doubtless occurs as an adjective stem meaning 

 ALL, EVERY, in oMll ALL 134.4 (oftcn heard also as aldi 47.9; 110.16; 

 188.1); TiadedlWa everywhere 43.6; 92,29; and hafga/^dilfa in 



EVERY LAND 122.20. 



§ 101. -wi^^ every 



This element is freely appended to nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, 

 but has no independent existence of its own. Examples are : 



6e*wi'^ every day (literally, every sun) 42.1; 158.17 

 xu'^nwi^ every night (xu'^n, xu'^ne' night, at night) 



' It was found extremely diflicult, despite repeated trials, for some reason or other, to decide as to whether 

 •k!- or -g- was pronounced. -k!i- and -k!an may thus be really -gi- and -gan. 



§§ 100-101 



