BOAS] HANDBOOK OP INDIAN LANGUAGES — TAKELMA 267 



Cardinals with prefixed Tia- are also found, apparently with an 

 approximative force, e. g., Jia-dehal about five 194.2. 



No series of ordinal numerals could be obtained, and the prob- 

 ability is strong that such a series does not exist, dehi^n occurs 

 as FIRST (e. g., wili debi'n-Tii first house), but may also mean last 

 49.2; 150.15, a contradiction that, in view of the probable etymology 

 of the word, is only apparent, debi'n is evidently related to lia-bini' 

 in the middle, and therefore signifies something like in front of 

 THE middle; i. e., at either end of a series, a meaning that com- 

 ports very well with the renderings of both first and last. It is 

 thus evident that no true ordinal exists for even the first numeral. 



VI. Adverbs and Particles (§§ 112-114) 



A very large number of adverbs and particles (some of them simple 

 stems, others transparent derivatives, while a great many others still 

 are quite impervious to analysis) are found in Takelma, and, particu- 

 larly the particles, seem to be of considerable importance in an idio- 

 matically constructed sentence. A few specifically adverbial suffixes 

 are discernible, but a large number of unanalyzable though clearly 

 non-primitive adverbs remain; it is probable that many of these are 

 crystallized noun or verb forms now used in a specialized adverbial 

 sense. 



§ 112. Adverbial Suffixes 



Perhaps the most transparent of all is : 



1. -claH' , This element is freely added to personal and demonstra- 

 tive pronouns, adverbs or verbal prefixes, and local phrases, to 

 impart the idea of direction from or to, more frequently the former. 

 Examples of its occurrence are : 



gfi^'da^t' in my direction {gl I) 



wadediB,V from my side {wade to me) 



ada't' on, to this side 112.17; 144.2 



^'(Zada^t' in that direction, from that side {idcb- that) 



M'^^^da^t' from yonder (M^^- that yonder) 



gfwi'dat' in which direction? 190.18 {gwi how? where?) 



greda^t' from there 144.8 



eme'^dat* from here 



me'Ma^t' hitherwards 32.10, 11; 55.3 (me^- hither) 



^e'^dat' thitherwards Qie^- away) 



TioMa^t' from down river 23.9 {no^ down river) 



§ 112 



