274 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



3. -liP* This particle is found appended most frequently to intro- 



ductory words in the sentence, such as m^% gane, and other 

 adverbs, and to verb-forms: 



mP-M^ ^'a^a''^ then he returned 62.2; (cf. 188.15) 

 gane-hi^ aba-i-gim/^¥ and then he went into the house 55.16 

 naga'-i-M' = naga'^' he said + -hi' (see § 22) 22.6; 57.1; 128.15; 

 192.9 



As no definite meaning can be assigned to it, and as it is found 



only in myth narration, it is highly probable that it is to be 



interpreted as a quotative : 



ga naga'sa'n-lii' that they said to each other, it is said 27. 1, 3 ; 31 .9 



-hi' is also found attached to a verbal prefix (22.1; 140.8, 22, 23). 



4. -S'l' AND, BUT. This is one of the most frequently occurring par- 



ticles in Takelma narration, its main function being to bind 

 together two clauses or sentences, particularly when a contrast 

 is involved. It is found appended to nouns or pronouns as 

 deictic or connective suffix: 



alcs-i' he in his turn 61.11; (cf. 47.14; 104.8, 13) 

 hul¥ sgi'sidi^l mexs'i' Panther and Coyote, also Crane 

 An example of its use as sentence connector is : 



ga naganhan ha-fgd^de hople'n, ho'^-s-i" erne" a'm' ga naga'n that 

 used-to-be-said in-my-country long-ago, now-but here not that 

 is-said 194.4; (cf. 60.9; 118.3; 122.17) 



-s-i' is particularly frequently suffixed to the demonstratives ga 

 THAT and aga this, gas'i' and agas'i' serving to connect two 

 sentences, the second of which is the temporal or logical resultant 

 or antithesis of the second. Both of the connected or con- 

 trasted sentences may be introduced by gas'i', agas'i', or by a 

 word with enclitically attached -s'i'. In an antithesis agas'i' 

 seems to introduce the nearer, while gas'i' is used to refer to 

 the remoter act. Examples showing the usage of gas'i' and 

 agas'i' are: 



gas-i^' de^l Tia-de-diU a dl-bumd'°'¥ (I smoked them out), and- 



then (or so-that) yellow-jackets everywhere swarmed 73.10 

 Faiwi" tlomoma'ndar gas'i" gayawaH\p' something I-having- 



killed-it, thereupon you-ate-it 90.8 

 gas'i'' guxda liulvfi'n wa-iwl'^ thmxi'xas'i' ahaS on-one-hand his- 



wife (was a) sea woman, her-mother-in-law-but (lived) in-the- 



house 154.15 

 § 114 



