322 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



xle'Uc Itpll'ywp Id «, il Id h'e'la^ %l la hxla with it she painted their 

 faces, their hands, their feet 122.7 



The numerical particle I'h'l both very often precedes the dual pro- 

 nouns in order to emphasize the idea of duality. 



tso 1'h'l qaxa'ntc ux x'%'ntsetvi.Qm both (of them) got on top 14.1 

 In the same way the particle go^s all is placed before the plural 

 forms in order to bring out the idea of plurality. 



la^ goH wdndj U hld/xEm these all that way are talking 50.9, 10 

 As has been remarked before, the pronouns are loosely prefixed 

 enclitics. They form no integral part of the word, although with a 

 few exceptions they precede immediately the noun or verb to which 

 they belong. They are always placed before the prefixes enumerated 

 in §§19-24. 



^'k'^ ux nkwafxLa both of these have bows (literally, both they 



two [are] with bows) 12.9 

 tso nqahdwl'xoe now I commence to eat 

 %c xqantcu'wis you two from what place (are)? 126.14 

 U k'!dxa'°'p they have no water (literally, they [are] without 



water) 38.2 



The personal pronouns are contracted with the negative particle m 

 into nl I NOT, en thou not, etc. (see § 9). The prefixed personal pro- 

 nouns are also used in the formation of transitive subject and object 

 pronouns (see § 46). 



§ 19. Inchoative qa- 



This prefix denotes the commencement of an action. The verb to 

 which it is prefixed takes, with a few exceptions, the suffixes -Iwe or 

 -lye (see § § 32, 35). 



d'yu qaLowl'we indeed (she) commenced to eat 24.11 



qatcinehenl' we (he) began to think 20.7 



ux qaweldnl'we they two commenced to fight 



tso ux qaytitvafi'ye now they two commenced to travel 12.6 



qamiU'ye (he) commenced to swim 30.3 



When prefixed to an impersonal verb or to a noun with a verbal 

 force, the suffix is omitted. 



Id Llahafioas lay- qa'xto^ her garments (these) commenced to %%\. 

 stiff 110.3 



qayixumatd'is (he) commenced to travel around (literally, [he] com- 

 menced the traveling) 32.10 

 § 19 



