BOAS] 



HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES COOS 



327 



This theory of a close etymological connection between the different 

 suffixes is practically proven b}'^ a comparison of the various adverbial 

 suffixes ending in -tc. Such a comparison will show that all these suf- 

 fixes must have been derived from one universal form, which may be 

 reconstructed as *tc. Furthermore, all the suffixes expressing distri- 

 bution have the element n- in common, which consequently may be 

 regarded as the original suffix conveying the idea of distributive plu- 

 rality; the more so, as in the following instances n- actually denotes 

 distribution. 



k'e'la hand 48.17 



dj% it came 52.8 

 k'tsas ashes 



(AoieF ti'h 'e you stand ! 122. 10 



k'e'lnatc Ito'^'x'Us he rubbed her 

 in his hands (literally, with each 

 of his hands he rubbed her) 

 108.20, 21 



lEdji'nlt they came (singly) 52.17 



k'ttmlsnEtc lepi'tit tet with ashes 

 he marked himself [all over] 

 28.16 



tsEL'ne^ ux ii'kine side by side they 

 two were standing 62.22 



There also seems to be an etymological connection between the suf- 

 fix denoting neutral verbs and the suffixes expressing the passive 

 voice, although in this case the relation is not as transparent as in the 

 instances mentioned above; and there maj'^ have also existed an original 

 relation between the verbal suffixes that end in -ii. 



The following list will serve to illustrate better the theory set 

 forth in the preceding pages. The forms marked with an asterisk (*) 

 represent the reconstructed original suffixes, while the other forms 

 indicate the suffixes as the}'^ appear to-day. 



VERBAL SUFFIXES 



*-t general verbal 



*-t transitive 



-ts transitive 



-eet causative passive 



-et causative passive 



-*, e^ neutral 

 -dyii^ -e^yu^ -lyu passive 

 -aya^ passive participle 

 -iyaica (?) agency 



*-n general distributive 



-ne^^ -nl distributive 



-dm distributive 



-inl distributive 



-Mna distributive 



*-u modal (?) 



-u transitional 



-u present passive 



-u transitive subject and object 



pronoun 

 -il reflexive plural 



§25 



