328 BUBEAIJ OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



NOMINAL SUFFIXES 



*-s general nominal *-^c general adverbial 



4s nominal -tc modal verbal 



-ESj -tEs abstract -dtc ( ?) suffix of relationship 



-enis abstract -etc local 



-awas abstract -eHc^ -Itc local and modal nominal 



-nehoas abstract -ewUc local 



-o'^nis verbal noun -Etc instrumental 

 -si verbal iioun 

 -is local 

 -IS ordinal 



All suffixes may be classified into two large groups as verbal and 

 nominal suffixes; that is to say, as suffixes that either verbalize or 

 nominalize a given neutral stem. I have included adverbial suffixes 

 in the latter group, on account of the intimate relation between nom- 

 inal and adverbial forms. 



VerJ)al Suffixes (§§ 26-55) 



TRANSITIVE SUFFIXES (§§ 26-27) 

 § 26. Transitive -t, -ts 

 -t. This suffix may have been originally the verbal suffix par 

 excellence. It points out not only the active, transitive idea, but also 

 presence of the object of a transitive action. It has frequently a 

 causative meaning. It transforms impersonal or passive verbs into 

 transitives, and verbalizes any other part of speech. It is usually 

 suffixed to the bare verbal stems whenever these end in a vowel, nasal 

 {m,n), or lateral; in all other cases it is preceded by a or i, making the 

 suffix -at or -it. No phonetic rule has been discovered that will show 

 when -at or -it ought to be used. It may, however, be suggested that 

 -at denotes transitive actions not yet completed, while -U designates 

 a finished, transitive action. These connectives disappear when other 

 suffixes are added to the transitive -t. 



Tip^dilt I blow it away p^cl Ke dl'lpl blew away the young 



man 26.21 

 nhl^'^wit I lose it klu^wV le'ux dd'mtl got lost their 



(dual) husband 22.9 

 nx'pit I burned it x'pl it burned down 58.12 



nqa'ltdit I slacken it xqeHtc slowly 17.7 



tcl L.'hwtt Idlhu^mi'Jc'cathQVQ Likwl blanket 84.8 

 covered (them) that old wo- 

 man (with blankets) 82. 14 

 § 26 



