BOAS] HANDBOOK OP INDIAN LANGUAGES COOS 331 



§ 27. Causative -4yat 



This suffix is always added to the bare stem of intransitive or neutral 

 verbs. Stems ending in the palatal surd h or palatal spirant x pala- 

 talize these final consonants (see § 13). 



a'yupll'yat hdl td'm%L indeed, j[y\!^'pi he went home 56.11 



he took home that old man 



30.13 

 l! to! ate tsxawl'yat on the ^sa?il he lies 20. 12 



ground he laid (them) down 



36.20,21 

 T}kiiMl'yat tE klw'd'&is I roll TiwUHa'nl Ie haltl'mis continually 



that ball rolling is the ocean 6.2 



d'yu Litcl'yat Ke a/ la surely lHHc he went out 20.4 



he took out the child 12.1 

 dlHnlal'yat something I start la he went 22.18 

 lioihelaqaifyat we took him up helaq he climbed up 13.10 



There is practically no difference between this causative suffix and 

 the transitive -fe, except for the fact that -ts seems to be regularly 

 suffixed to stems ending in velar or palatal consonants. There is only 

 one verbal stem ending in a velar surd {q) that takes the causative 

 suffix -lyat; namely, the stem helaq- to climb. This stem infixes an 

 a between its final consonant and the causative suffix, as shown by the 

 last example above. 



The reason why the causative -lyat is suffixed to this stem, and not 

 the transitive -ts^ may lie in the fact that there are two stems helaq- 

 differentiated by accent only (see § 5);. namely, he'laq to arrive, 

 and helaq to climb up. 



Since the transitive -ts has been suffixed to he'laq to arrive (com- 

 pare hatayims halqtso'^'wat she brought the money 78.13, 14), the 

 causative -lyat may have been suffixed to heluq to climb because 

 confusion is thus avoided. 



When followed by the pronominal suffixes, -lyat is contracted with 

 them into -lta'm%^ -itd'is, -I'tu, and I'ta (see §§ 9, 11). 



xwin e^piltd'mt hauL we two will take you home 126.19, 20 

 e^tsxawitd'ts you laid me down 

 iQ^helaqa'ltu he took me up 



§ 27 



