BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES COOS 357 



Singxilar Plural 



Itslin 26.20 ne'tsi 74.1 to do 



yixu'me 10.3 yuwl'tUy yuwat- 12.6 to travel 



ts3(m 28.12 ha'yati 58.19, 20 to lie 



qa'qal4:0.'2 td'msimt 74:.! to sleep 



xne^-t- 74.30 xwailt- 22.17 to fly, to jump 



lEqa^wE 42.18 e'qe 84.14 to die 



L!d-^ 14.6 yafla- 50.3 to speak 



Lowa'hats, 38.10 tila'qai^Q.ll^kwee'ti^O.l to sit, to live 



On the other hand, there are a few stems that seem to express 

 singularity or plurality of subject by means of a grammatical process 

 the history of which is not clear. This process may be said to consist 

 in the change of the vowel connecting the suflSix with the stem. 



Singular Plural 



eFtda'at you walk 120.18 U tda'lt they walk 



t^xa'yat I am whittling U xa'ylt they are whittling 



nfa'lats I dance iceF fa'llt 3^ou two dance 82.18 



nioi'nat I wade out %l iin'nlt they wade out 



This process is the more puzzling, as it also seems to be used for 

 the purpose of distinguishing between duration of action (see § 26). 

 It is quite conceivable that there may be an etymological relation 

 between these two phenomena, and that the phonetic similarity exhib- 

 ited by them is more than accidental. 



§ 52. Reflexive Plviral -u 



In a number of cases intransitive verbs indicate pluralitj'^ of subject 

 by means of a suffix which is phonetically different from the suffix 

 expressing the corresponding singular idea. This is especially true 

 in the case of the suffix -qEm^ -xE7n (see § 30). This suffix is applied 

 to singular subjects only, while the same idea for plural subjects is 

 expressed by means of the suffix -w, which is always preceded by the 

 transitive -t or -ts. 



Singular Plural 



IKe'tqEin it is resting 88.16 U Ihe'tu they are resting 

 'Q'We'lextxETn I went to bed ice^ we'lextu you two go to bed 



82.13 

 T^Lo^'hHsxEm I sat down tVl^qtsu (they) sat down 22.15 



iQjcwe' et^tsxEm I settled down ^?^'We^■^i(s^7 they settled down 48. 5 

 fi'SLn'txEm I hide myself U SLn'tu they hide themselves 



§ 52 



