358 



BUEEAU OF AMERICAlSr ETHNOLOGY 



[bull,. 40 



§ 53. Causative Passive Plural -lyEtn 



The same principle is applied to intransitive verbs expressing pas- 

 sive causative ideas. Singular subjects are expressed by means of the 

 suflSx -eet (see p. 345), while plurality of the subject is indicated by 

 the suffix -lyEm. The most perplexing problem connected with this 

 suffix is the fact that its initial I disappears before ?<-diphthongs with- 

 out changing the u of the diphthong into a consonantic w (see § 8). 



SLn- 



IXx SLnl'yat they two 

 hide him (cans.) 

 24.9 



Singular 



SLne'et 24.12 



Plural 



X'En- 



Tix-hil'yat I put it x'ne'et 10.1 

 on top 

 Ism- 

 ux leTnl'yat they two lEme'et 90.18 

 set it up 8.10 



t^q^tdim! yat I hang q^towe'et 46.27 



it up 

 {x)nd'we, right 44.9 nowe'et 



hla- to be on something 



%l hlalyat they put it z/e'et 22.1 

 on 80.20 



SLnlyErti 



x'ni'yEm. 

 leml'ysm 



qHo'^yEm 84.15 

 no^'yEm 44.22 



Llel'yEm 144.4 



§ 54. Direct Plural Object -itEoc 



The idea of plurality of objects in transitive verbs is not clearly 

 developed. The treatment accorded to the different stems is so irregu- 

 lar that no definite rules can be formulated. The majority of stems 

 make no distinction between singular and plural objects, and occur in 

 one form only. Other stems have different forms for the singular 

 and plural; e. g., tsxa^- to kill one, aiw- to kill many, la- to 

 PUT IN one, x'L.'d"^- to put IN iviANY, ctc. ; whilc a number of stems 

 seem to express pluralit}'^ of object by means of the affixed numeral 

 particle KEma (see § 109), or by means of the suffix -Uex. 



This suffix expresses the plural third person object, and may be add- 

 ed directly to the verbal stem, or after the transitive suffixes -^, -ts. 



xwi'tsxut (Ama'UEx (many) deer he pulled 88.12 

 a'yu il Lana'ltEx surely they headed them off 56.16 

 hats Low^entc la^ laal'tEx just all (wholly) she dragged them 80.9 

 §§ 53-54 



