384 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



2. JianL SHALL, WILL. It is regularly used to denote a future action, 



and it is the sign of the future. It either precedes or follows 

 the verb. 



n&t} pka'katc JiaiiL nk'ilo'wit I will see my grandfather 



go'^s d/H hanL hci'wl everything will grow 9.3 



(All sqats Jmul tE tdwdl you shall seize that j'onder fire ttO.lS, 19 



%s ali'canl hanh we two will play 38.11 



In Ie'yI hariL not good will (it be) 



3. Ett INTEND, ABOUT TO. It givcs the sentence the force of a peri- 



phrastic future. It either precedes or follows the verb. 



i gantc eU ^la when anywhere 3''ou intend to go 15.3 

 % dlH U Ldwe'''wat eU when something they intend to eat 38.2 

 qaik^ ux wutxa'xa sit te'is hl^'me I thought that they two should 

 come back, those our (dual) children 44.7 



4. Tilklwa USED to (be). It denotes an action that took place long 



ago. It is often used as a sign of the past tense. In such cases 

 it is always preceded by the particle he usually (see below), 

 and it follows the verb which is used in its repetitive form. 



te^ n%k!wa ye^ne^ na'hxn this used (to be) your shinny club 38.16 



xaP-p i}lu'qwU nlJcIwa water I used to boil 



nvAidl'naai he nlklvja I used to cheat 



nsi'psUaj) he i^x'ne'k' nlklwa I used to comb my hair 



By suffixing to nlklwa the obsolete suffix -Zi, the temporal adverb 

 nlklwa'U yesterday is obtained. 



nlklwa'll T^qa'la yesterday I crossed (the river) 



hu^'mis he'laq Ie nlk/wa'll a woman arrived yesterday 142.10 



5. he usually, frequently, habitually, denotes an action that is 



performed verj^ frequently. The particle either precedes or 

 follows the verb. The verb is very often used in the repetitive 

 form, whenever possible. 



go'^s mi'ldtc he L.'afxEm always usually he is talking 16.4 



tEifiaJ he md la^ tcIicAla'e^wat he old people on that sit habitually 



38.3 



When following the future particle hanL^ or its potential form yariL 

 (see p. 391), he coalesces with them into hatiLawe and yaniawe 

 respectively. 



yanhawe dlH e^qa^werdsa'ndya, hanzawe xle'Uc I'nuvn e^Lld'xEm 

 whenever you will get mad at something, you will talk with it 



§87 



