388 BUREAU OF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



natsl xdiH la^ zowe^'wat I doubt (whether) some one (will) eat it 



36.9 

 natsl xtcltc lin sqats (we) doubt (whether) we (shall) catch it 



56.19, 20 



13. hen HEARSAY. It denotes that a certain occurrence or fact is 



known to the speaker from hearsay only. It may best be trans- 

 lated by I WAS TOLD, IT IS SAID. 



hd'wi hen Ie wi'nqas u terra' snatc grew up the Spider's grandson, 



it is said 66.11, 12 

 jpEuhd'wai hen ta'ntan whales are reported to (have) come ashore 



128.28 

 ye^ne^ l'U lien la^ i^ai'vM your enemies (as I heard you say) those I 



killed 110.16, 17 



14. %l SURELY, CERTAINLY, coufirms a statement, and gives it the 



appearance of certainty. It is often used in apposition to hen^ 

 whenever the speaker wishes to imply that he himself was a wit- 

 ness of a certain occurrence. It denotes knowledge by experi- 

 ence, and may be translated by i saw it. It either follows or 

 precedes that part of a sentence which it is to specify more 

 clearly. 



Tna U 'Q,Lowe^'wat persons I do eat, indeed 24.18 



T^Uoxqai' ms ma U 1 am a doctor, surely 10.2 



tdh %l e^Lo^lc^ there, indeed, sit down 88.22 



'^k'Uo'ivU U I saw him, for sure 



xd'ms U he is sick (I saw it) 



Is'yl hanLel it will be good certainly 15.9 {hanLel=hanL + U 



see § 7) 

 In hel sla not so, cousin 42.23 (see § 7) 



15. cku indicates knowledge by evidence. It is used whenever the 



speaker wishes to state a fact that occurred beyond doubt, but 

 whose causes are not known to him. It is composed of c^ (see 

 p. 389) and k^. It may be rendered by it must have been 

 that. 



yd'xivd cku hu^md'k'e yu'kioe two women must have gone ashore 

 126.11, 12 (the speaker knows this fact to be true by examining 

 the tracks on the sand beach) 

 hats cku kwa xind la^ tcl h%th%tow&' wat just it must be as if a per- 

 son that thing there put it 112.2 (the evidence of this fact was 

 the finding of the object in question) 

 §88 



