404 BUREAU QF AMERICAN" ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 40 



The collective numerals expressed in English by the phrases in 

 TWOS, IN THREES, ctc, are formed in Coos by means of suffixing to 

 the numerals for two, three, etc., the adverbial suffix -eHc{see § 67). 



yuxwa'KeHc la^ hithltowl^' wat in pairs he is putting them down 



34.7, 8 

 xyipsE'rieHc in threes 



The collective numeral for one, yixe'ntce^ shows a peculiar forma- 

 tion. It consists of the cardinal y^cce*', the distributive suffix -n (see 

 pp. 327, 341), the modal suffix -tc (see pp. 327, 340, 369), and the suffix -e 

 (see p. 359). 



yixe'ntce sqats together he seized them 64.8, 9 



yixe'ntce U 7il Italy as together they (live) in (one) village 122.18. 



§ 102. The Decimal System 



The units exceeding multiples of ten have forms exemplified by ten 

 (twenty) one over. Thus heplqa'nl y%xe}ii!qts% eleven literally 

 means ten one over, etc. The "tens" are formed by means of 

 suffixing to the numerals from one to ten (exclusive) the suffix -ha. 

 The numeral for one hundred, translated literally, means one 

 STICK, which indicates that the Coos may have used counting-sticks 

 for the purpose of counting up to one hundred. Two hundred 

 would mean two sticks, etc. The numeral one thousand does not 

 seem to have been used at all. There is no special stem for it. 

 The natives to-day form this numeral by adding the noun mfh'in 

 stick to the numeral stem for ten, expressing one thousand by the 

 phrase ten sticks. 



THE ADVERB (§§ 103-106) 



§ 103. Introductory 



The dividing-line between adverbs and particles can not always 

 be drawn very definitely. This is especially true in the case of the 

 three particles expressing locality, time, and modality (see § 112). 

 Adverbs express local, temporal, and modal ideas. A few of them 

 may be said to express local phrases. In a number of cases two 

 adverbs have been combined for the purpose of indicating a new 

 adverbial concept, which is nothing more than an amplification of 

 the ideas conduced by each of the two separate component elements. 

 Some of the local adverbs seem to distinguish slightly between the 

 idea of locality that is near the first, second, or third person; although 



§§ 102-103 



