448 BUREAU OF AMEKICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



(3) Contraction. 



(4) Vocalic hiatus. 



(5) Vocalic harmony. 



(6) EflFects of accent. 



CONSONANTIC PROCESSES : 



(1) Consonantic metathesis. 



(2) Consonantic euphony. 



(3) Simplification of double consonants. 



(4) Modifications of t and h. 



(5) Minor consonantic changes. 



§§ 7-12. Vocalic Processes 

 § 7. Diphthofiff illation of i and u 



This is by far the most important phonetic change, owing to the fact 

 that it gives rise to a double form of stems that contain these vowels, 

 and because it is employed in certain grammatical processes (see 

 §§ 111, 112). The principle may be described as follows: For the 

 purpose of expressing (in nouns) the discriminative case and (in 

 verbs) intensit}^ or duration of action, long ^ and u are changed into 

 ya and iva respectively. 



Examples of diphthongization of %: 



/nwflj'yww-he bringshim23.2 h^ya'nyutsanx I'll take thee 



along 58.6 

 hltsl'xam it is put on 11.8 h^yats^tsun he is putting it on 



11.8 

 Uq^a}' he digs 84.2 a' 7itsuxya'lqa^ni\ioQQ two (who) 



are digging (a hole) 84.5 

 citx- to flop &yatx it flops around 36.23 



ya' rf-hUunx thou shalt see yoq^^ya'wax he intended to see 



30.25 70.8 



H^nx kli'nk'U they went to k UnUy a' wax {\.)mtQn& to go 2indi 



look for 60. 5 look for 60. 5 



Qa'aHclx along the North Fork qa^' xilnyax along the sky 32.19 

 32.19 



Examples of diphthongization of u: 



qu m' xarnlmE it was poured qwaJ^nyux pour it into his . . . 



into his . . . 29.2 29.2 



L/xu'aM^n he knows it 40.16 kumi'ntd^ax ts'q L!x^'to{ix^ not 



they two anything knew it 



54.16 



§ 7 



