458 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



stlmk THERE, which usually loses its k before all following sub 

 jective suffixes (see § 119). 



«^im^ (there) 30.18 +-wa7 stVm^nxthQVQ they . , . 32.3 



stlmlcts (there you two) 32.12 stlmts there you two . . . 32.6 



st%'mt(A there you (pi.) 32.8 



§ J 7. Minor Consonantic Changes 



In this section those changes affecting the consonants will be dis- 

 cussed, for which not enough examples could be found to permit the 

 formulation of clearly defined rules. 



Here belongs in first place the apparent change of a sonant into a 

 fortis in initial reduplication, a process exemplified by onlj' three 

 cases. 



lI'u- to come 9.2 LllLlvfi'sutnE he is continually ap- 



proached 26.2 

 L.'lLlwa'xam he is approached 

 16.3 



tEinu'- to assemble 7.3 tlEmtlma'xain people assemble 



about him (passive) 23.3 



Another sporadic change is that of (j and q! into I' before the suffix 

 of place -a^mu (see § 103). 



yaq^'^- to look 9.1 yikya^mu a place from where one 



can see, a vantage point 

 ma'qH- to dance 28.7 mEkya^mu a dance hall 



Compare, however, on the other hand, 



yaq^^ya'waxan I intend to look 25.8,9 

 mi'nqlyEm buy a woman! 



A third doubtful process consists in the change which the modal 

 adverb kv} xyal'x almost, nearly (see § 121), undergoes whenever 

 used with the subjective pronouns for the second person singular or 

 third person plural (see § 24). In such cases the form obtained is 

 always Jcwl'n^x yal'x thou almost, they almost, which may be ex- 

 plained as a result of a simplification from ]cu^+-nx + xyal'x (see § 15). 



kv} xyal'x smu'fa it almost is kwi'n^x yal'x hiina''^un you almost 

 the end 10.9, 11.1 beat him 



hmnx yal'x Ll'iml they had al- 

 most arrived 66.25 



§ 17 



