464 



BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[Bur.L. 40 



phonetic changes, the derivation of the compound suffixes can not be 

 given with certaint3\ 



From a functional point of view all suffixes ma}'^ be divided into a 

 verbal and a non-verbal group; the former used in the formation of 

 verbal ideas, the latter employed for the purpose of conveying gram- 

 matical concepts of a nominal, adjectival, or adverbial character. In 

 one or two instances we do find a suffix denoting both verbal and 

 nominal ideas. This is especiallj^ true of the suffix -u", -u^\ which 

 may indicate an act performed by several subjects, or else the abstract 

 concept of that action (see §§ 79, 97); and of the auxiliary -t^ which is 

 also employed in the formation of a number of words denoting adjec- 

 tival ideas. (See §§ 76, 104.) While it might have been more proper 

 to discuss such suffixes in a separate chapter as "Neutral Suffixes," 

 practical considerations have induced me to treat them in accordance 

 with their functional values, notwithstanding the fact that this treat- 

 ment entails some repetition. 



The majority of Siuslaw stems are neutral, and receive their respec- 

 tive nominal or verbal meaning from the nature of the suffix that is 

 added to them. There are, however, a few stems denoting adverbial 

 ideas that can under no circumstances be amplified by nominal suffixes. 

 Furthermore, it seems to be a general rule that nominalizing suffixes 

 can not be added to a stem that has already been verbalized by some 

 verbal suffix ; while numerous instances will be found where a stem 

 originally developed as a verbal idea, and nominalized by mieans of 

 sufRxes, can again be verbalized by adding to the derivative noun an 

 additional verbal suffix. 



The following examples will serve to illustrate the three possibilities 

 that prevail in the derivation of verbs and nouns. 

 (1) Neutral stems: 



stem. 



tslLl- to shoot 8.6 

 l^t!- to eat 13.10 

 hits- to live 



Verb 



U%L!a>' he shoots 10. 3 

 lH!d^' he eats 44.19 

 h^yatsu'^^ they live 



ult- to snow 

 tsxf/- to shine (?) 



llq- to dig 80.6 



22 



wait it snows 

 tsxaya^' L.'a'a^ daj^ 



breaks 50.3 

 a'ntsux ya'lqa^n the}^ 



two dig (the ground) 



84.5 



Noun 



tsl'L.'l arrow 50.7 

 ll'tla^ food 34.23 

 hlts^'^ house 25.2 

 u'ltl snow 76.10 

 tsxayu"^^ day, sun 



7.3 

 yalqa'a"' hole (in the 



ground) 84.6 



