468 BUREAU OF AMEEICAlSr ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



distinct forms for the inclusive and exclusive. The same pronouns 

 are used for all modes and voices. In the imperative the second per- 

 son singular is omitted. 



The following table will serve to illustrate what may be called the 

 fundamental t3"pe of the subjective pronouns: 



Singular Dual Plural 



1st person sing. . \ _^ _^^ _^^ 



'TV 



Inclusive du. and pi. 



2d person nx 



3d person - 



Exclusive du. and pi. . - 



It would seem that the exclusive forms are derived from the third 

 persons dual and plural and the first person. 



These suffixes appear also in the independent personal pronouns (see 

 § 113). The suffix for the first person singular, -n, disappears regularly 

 after the transitive -un (see § 15), and the confusion that might arise 

 from the fact that the transitive form for the' third person singular 

 ends in -un also, is avoided by accentuation of the first person singular 

 as the subject of an action by the additional use of the independent 

 pronoun that either precedes or follows the verb. 



The second person singular and the third person plural happen to 

 consist of the same phonetic elements, -nx. Ambiguity of meaning in 

 both forms is avoided by addition of the independent personal pro- 

 nouns. The suffix for the third person dual undergoes frequent 

 changes, which have been full}^ discussed in § 13. 



The rules regulating consonantic clusters require the insertion of an 

 obscure (or weak) vowel between stems ending in a consonant and 

 any of the subjective suffixes that begin with a consonant (see § 4). 



According to the manner in which the subjective pronouns are 

 added to a given verbal stem, the verbs may be divided into the five 

 following distinct groups: 



(1) Verbs that add the pronominal suffixes directly to the stem or 

 that take them after the verbalizing suffixes -«*' and -u*. 



(2) Verbs that end in -I. 

 § 24 



