BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES SIUSLAWAN 469 



(3) Certain verbs that end in x. 



(4) Verbs that express the third person singular by means of stem 

 amplification (see § 112). 



(5) Verbs that end in -a. 



The first group presents no difficulties whatsoever. The subjective 

 pronouns are added directly to the stem or else follow the verbalizing 

 suffixes -o> and -v> (see § 75) . 



A number of verbs seem to end in -^, which undergoes a pho- 

 netic change whenever the pronominal suffixes are added to it. Thus, 

 it is shortened when followed by the pronoun for the first person 

 singular, and it undergoes the process of diphthongization (see § 7) 

 whenever a pronoun for any of the other persons is added to it. 

 Whenever the third person singular is to be expressed, the verb 

 appears with -l^ which is often diphthongized into -ya. Verbs that 

 take the tentative suffix -t(^ (see § 52) and the frequentative -atll 

 (see § 68) are treated similarly. 



A peculiar treatment is accorded to certain verbs that end in x. 

 Here belong only such verbs as have been amplified by means of the 

 modal suffix -Ifax (see § 51) and of the temporal suffixes -awax^ -tux^ 

 and -yax (see §§ 70, 73, 74). These suffixes do not change their pho- 

 netic composition when followed by the pronouns for the first person 

 singular and second persons dual and plural. However, as soon as 

 the subjective pronouns for any of the other persons are added to 

 them, the final x disappears. An exception to this rule is offered by 

 the future -tux (see § 73) when followed by the pronoun for the third 

 person dual. In this case the final x is always retained. Whether 

 the disappearance of the x is due to contraction or to other causes, 

 can not be said with any degree of certainty. 



The last two groups comprise verbs the stems of which undergo a 

 process of amplification whenever the third person singular is to be 

 expressed. Verbs belonging to the fourth group show an internal 

 change of the stem, while those of the fifth group add an a to the 

 bare stem. A full discussion of the phonetic character of these two 

 processes will be found in § 112, p. 574. 



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