496 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. -10 



the three persons (speaker, person spoken to, or person spoken of), 

 becomes at once apparent. 



The use of this suffix may be illustrated by an example. The verb 

 TO PUT ON requires a double object, because it implies the idea to put 

 SOMETHING ON SOMEBODY, or vice versd. Hence Siuslaw renders the 

 English sentence his hat was put on (really, his hat was put on 

 him) by a complex consisting of the verbal stem and the compound 

 suffix -xamltx. In this suffix the first element, -xam^ indicates that the 

 action is passive (performed by somebody upon the recipient); the sec- 

 ond element, -1-, denotes that the direct object (in this case the noun 

 hat) is possessed by the recipient of the action; while the last element, 

 -tx (which when used alone indicates that the object forms an integral 

 part of the subject), serves to bring out the idea that the action is per- 

 formed upon the indirect object (on him) which (in this case) can no 

 be separated from the (logical) subject (his hat). 



The persons that are implied in the possessive relations as indicated 

 by this suffix are expressed by means of the subjective pronouns 

 added to it (see § 24). Since the first element of this compound suffix 

 is the present passive -xam,^ the manner in which it is added to the 

 verbal stem is similar to that emplo3^ed in the suffixation of -xam 

 (see § 55). 



aq- to take off 13.1 aqa^' xamltxa7i lky.ia!nuq^ taken off 



(me) is my hat 

 Aii^.s- to put on 11.8 hltsi' xamltxan Ikwa'nuq^ put on 



(me) is ni}' hat 

 tlEvrx^- to cut off t ! Einxwo! xamltxanx tciL cut off' 



(thee) was thy hand 

 lak^- to take (away) 7.6 s^atsl'tc^ax waa'xam a'ntsux lo- 



hm' xamltx qi'utc thus were told 

 those two from whom the wives 

 were taken awa}^ (literally, thus 

 they two were told, those two 

 [of] whom taken away were 

 [those their dual] wives) 54.14 



Imperative Forms Denoting Pronominal and Possessive Interrelations 



(§§ 40-48) 



% -iO. Introductory 



In the following sections there will be discussed suffixes that express 



not only the imperative mode, but also the exhortative. 



§ 40 



