572 



BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[BULL. 40 



qlutct'l'ind old woman 96.15 

 td'nta^ which one 90.1 



tiTn'll thunder s^atsi'tc waa'a^n wma'Vi thus said 



to him Thunder 36.9 

 qlutcU'a'mi ta'yun ants IsI'lH the 



old woman kept that arrow 96.2 

 tctna'ta^ s%' nHyaxafin ants . . . 



whoever wanted that . . . 



11.6, 7 



§ 112* Intensity and Duration, of Action 



Vocalic change as a means of expressing intensive and durative 

 actions is of a twofold character. The change consists either in the 

 diphthongization of the long i- and u- vowels of the stem (see § 7), 

 or in stem-amplification. In both cases the underlying principle may 

 be described as the change of a monosyllabic root into a stem having 

 two syllables. 



Diphthongization is applied to those stems only whose vowels are 

 either long % or u. A verbal stem with a diphthongized vowel expresses 

 durative actions only in connection with other proper devices, such as 

 the temporal suffixes or duplication of final consonants (see §§ 41, 56, 

 69, 108). Owing to the fact that certain temporal suffixes — nota- 

 bly the inchoative, the frequentative, the durative, the present, the 

 future, and the imperative — imply to a certain extent intensive 

 actions, or actions that are being performed continually, the suffixes 

 for these tenses are frequently found added to the verbal stem whose 

 vowel has been diphthongized, while all other tenses are formed from 

 the simple root. 



L.'on- to tell 16.9 

 TciVn- to bend down 



tkum- to close, to shut 48.8 



tutc- to spear 62.2 



qun- to pour 29.2 

 lIox- to send 16.10 

 § 112 



s^atfa'tcLfwa^'nthviS, he was speak- 

 ing 16.6 



H txu Icwa'^'^nt and (they) would 

 just bend down 11.9 



Hlcwa^'^na'tUst ancl he would con- 

 tinually lower his head 13.5 



Hns ikwa'7n%su7i and we two shall 

 keep on making dams (literally, 

 closing [the river]) 48.14 



t°wa'tdis wan spear it now! 64.2 



1Pwat(f\! tcnxna^x they two are 

 spearing it 56.15, 16 



qwa'^nyux pour it into his ... ! 

 29.2 



L!°wa'xyun (I) shall keep on send- 

 ing (them) 30.19 



