592 BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



a'l'du refers to nouns only, and its function is of an inclusive 

 character, indicating that the defined noun is included in the action. 

 It always follows the noun and is best rendered by likewise. It is 

 frequently used as a verb (see § 135). 



H t!l a'l'du ma'ltcH Bear likewise got burned 34.16 

 hl'q^ a'l'du mi'ltdst Wild-Cat likewise burned 34.17 

 ya^'xa^x a'l'du IHIa'yun fern-roots they two likewise eat 98.15 

 qa^'x^nx a'l'du ya'q^Tiitux at night you likewise shall watch TO. 18, 

 19' 



ai'sxa serves the same purpose as the preceding a'l'du, but 

 may either precede or follow the noun to which it refers. It is best 

 rendered b}' also, too. 



a'Pq tExrmUni H a'l°-q qlutcu'ni H a^'sxa sqa%tdi'tG qa'tc^ntux one 



man and one woman too will go there 30.21, 22 

 ha^'natc a^'sxa ll't'.a} her food belonged to some one else (literallj', 

 different her, also, food) 54.7 

 ^l has various fimctions. Its chief function is that of a copula 

 between nouns and sentences, and in that case is best rendered by and. 

 Its position is free, although it tends to follow the noun and to 

 precede the verb. 



a'V^q tExmu'ni H a'V^q qlutcu'ni one man and one woman 30.21, 22 



mita'a}t%n H mila'aHin my father and m}^ mother 



psni's pEll'tc H Iklanu'lc'^ limnl'tc Skunk (doctored) first, and 



Screech-Owl second 86.11 

 s^atsl'tc waa' , H lil'qla}t thus he said and started 22.5, 6 

 ta^ H IH.'a^' he sits and eats 



It serves, furthermore, to introduce a new idea, in which case its 

 functional character may best be compared to that of our syntactic 

 period. Its exact rendering is a rather difficult matter, unless the 

 arbitrary then be excepted. 



L Ixu'yun ml'Tc !a t^'lc.'ya. l Ixu'yun hl'sa (k lan^wa'Tc^ antspEni's. 



Lna'^'^'^ Kite H Iqaqa^' txa^n 2'>Enc(J s she knew him (to be) very bad. 



Screech-Owl knew that Skunk very well. At a rich man Skunk 



was breaking his wind 86.5, 6, 7 

 s^atsl'tc waa^' ants Ik lanu'lc^. Ants plna'st H ci'n^xyat/ya aqa'wax. 



H s^atsl'tc waa' ants Ik/anu'lc^. Thus said that Screech-Owl. 



Then that sick man thought of running away. Then thus said 



that Screech-Owl 86.14, 15, 16 

 § 125 



