BOAS] HAjSTDBOOK of INDIAN LANGUAGES SIUSLAWAN 597 



wal qa^x, H xint in spite of (the fact that it was) night, (they) kept 



on going 64.24 

 wd^ tEq 7nl'Tc!a H IHla'yun s^as even (if it is) something bad still 



she eats it 44.20 



§ 129. JExhortative JParticles 

 qa^l expresses a polite command addressed to the first and third 

 persons. It is hence employed in the formation of the exhortative 

 mode. The verb usually occurs with exhortative suffixes (see §§ 41, 

 48, 63, 64), although instances of idiomatic expressions are not lacking 

 where these suffixes have been omitted (see § 139). This particle is 

 best rendered by let (me, him, us, etc.). 



qaH qat&n%'xm% let him go! 



qa^'la^x lakimfnl let them two seize (them) ! 52.12, 13 



qaHn xdLll'tsmE Jiltn'^ let me fix his house! 



qaH wan a'^'stux let him sleep now! 27.8 



tcu serves to emphasize the imperative and exhortative modes. 

 It invariably follows the verb, which must occur in either of these two 

 forms. It can not be translated easily. In some instances the inform- 

 ant rendered it by try to. 



qaqu'^nETn tcu listen now! 

 ll'tlEinans tcu let us (incl. dual) eat! 

 qa'txEm tcu cry! 

 a^'sEm tcu try to sleep! 



tEma'^ indicates a polite command addressed to any person. 

 The informant rendered it by it is better to. . . . Although it 

 usually followed verbs having imperative suffixes, I was able to ob- 

 tain examples showing the use of this particle in conjunction with 

 verbal expressions of a non-imperative character. 



qioa'^nyux tEina Laaya'tc better pour it into his mouth! 29.2 



ay-'sEin tEma (5^ou had) better sleep! 



tsma wa'tux it is better (that) he should talk 



ah^ha'n is apparently a compound particle, whose component 

 elements can no longer be analyzed. It has an emphatic character, 

 implying that a certain command addressed to the second person must 

 be obej^ed. It is best rendered by must, necessarily. 



ll't'.Em alt^ha'n you must eat! 

 L.'wafnls ak^Tia'n j^ou must tell him! 

 lIi'IIs ak^ha'n you must hit himl 



§ 129 



